Isizwe samaNavajo asikaze sivumele izisebenzi zefilimu ukuthi zingene emhosheni obomvu omangalisayo owaziwa ngokuthi i-Death Canyon.Emhlabeni wezizwe ezisenyakatho-mpumalanga ye-Arizona, iyingxenye yeCheli Canyon National Monument-indawo lapho amaNavajo azibize ngokuthi i-Diné inokubaluleka okuphezulu kakhulu okungokomoya nokomlando.U-Coerte Voorhees, umdidiyeli wesikrini nomqondisi wefilimu eshuthwe lapha, uchaze imihosha exhumene ngokuthi "inhliziyo yeSizwe samaNavajo."
Le filimu iwumlando wemivubukulo ebizwa ngeCanyon Del Muerto, okulindeleke ukuthi ikhishwe ngasekupheleni kwalo nyaka.Ikhuluma ngendaba yomvubukuli oyiphayona u-Ann Akstel Mo owayesebenza lapha ngeminyaka yawo-1920 nasekuqaleni kwawo-1930 Indaba yeqiniso ka-Ann Axtell Morris.Ushade no-Earl Morris futhi kwesinye isikhathi uchazwa njengoyise weSouthwestern Archaeology futhi uvame ukukhonjwa njengemodeli yenganekwane ethi Indiana Jones, Harrison Ford ku-blockbuster uSteven Spielberg kanye noGeorge Lucas movies Play.Ukutuswa kuka-Earl Morris, kuhlangene nokubandlululwa kwabesifazane ekuqeqesheni, sekunesikhathi eside kufihla impumelelo yakhe, nakuba ayengomunye wabavubukuli bokuqala besifazane basendle e-United States.
Ekuseni kubanda futhi libalele, lapho ilanga liqala ukukhanyisa izindonga eziphakeme zomhosha, ithimba lamahhashi nezimoto ezidonsa ngamasondo amane zazihamba ngaphansi komhosha oyisihlabathi.Iningi leqembu labantu abangu-35 lamafilimu ligibele i-jeep evulekile eshayelwa umhlahlandlela wendawo wamaNavajo.Babonisa ubuciko bedwala kanye nezindawo zokuhlala zamawa ezakhiwe ama-Anasazi noma abavubukuli manje abaziwa ngokuthi abantu basePueblo bokhokho.Abantu basendulo ababephila lapha ngaphambi BC.Navajo, futhi washiya ezimweni ezingaqondakali ekuqaleni kwekhulu le-14.Ngemuva kwe-convoy, evame ukunamathela esihlabathini kukhona i-Ford T ye-1917 kanye neloli ye-TT yango-1918.
Ngenkathi ngilungiselela ikhamera i-lens yokuqala ene-engeli ebanzi emhosheni, ngaya kumzukulu ka-Ann Earl oneminyaka engu-58 ubudala u-Ben Gail, owayengumxhumanisi omkhulu we-scripting kulo mkhiqizo.“Lena indawo ekhetheke kakhulu ku-Ann, lapho ejabule kakhulu futhi enze omunye wemisebenzi yakhe ebaluleke kakhulu,” kusho uGell.“Waphindela e-canyon izikhathi eziningi wabhala ukuthi akukaze kubukeke kabili.Ukukhanya, inkathi, nesimo sezulu kushintsha njalo.Empeleni umama wazalelwa lapha phakathi nokuvubukulwa kwemivubukulo, mhlawumbe ngokumangalisayo, Wakhula waba isazi semivubukulo.”
Esigcawini, sabuka owesifazane osemusha ehamba kancane edlula ikhamera egibele ihhashi elimhlophe.Wayegqoke ibhantshi lesikhumba elinsundu elihuqwe ngesikhumba semvu futhi izinwele zakhe ziboshwe ngefindo.Umlingisikazi odlala indawo kagogo wakhe kulesi sigcawu u-Kristina Krell (Kristina Krell), we-Gail, kufana nokubuka isithombe somndeni esidala siphila.“Angimazi u-Ann noma u-Earl, bobabili bashona ngingakazalwa, kodwa ngabona ukuthi ngibathanda kangakanani,” kusho uGale."Bangabantu abamangalisayo, banenhliziyo enomusa."
Futhi ngaphansi kokubhekwa nokuqoshwa ngu-John Tsosie wase-Diné eduze kwase-Chinle, e-Arizona.Ungumxhumanisi phakathi kokukhiqizwa kwamafilimu kanye nohulumeni wezizwe.Ngambuza ukuthi kungani u-Diné evuma ukuvumela laba benzi bamafilimu ukuba bangene eCanyon del Muerto.“Esikhathini esidlule, senza amafilimu emhlabeni wethu, saba nezigigaba ezimbi,” esho.“Balethe amakhulu abantu, bashiya izibi, baphazamisa indawo engcwele, benza sengathi bangabanikazi bale ndawo.Lo msebenzi uhlukile nje.Bawuhlonipha kakhulu umhlaba wethu kanye nabantu.Baqasha amaNavajo amaningi, Batshale izimali emabhizinisini endawo futhi basize umnotho wethu.”
UGale wanezela, “Kunjalo naku-Ann no-Earl.Babengabavubukuli bokuqala ukuqasha amaNavajo ukuze kumbiwe, futhi bakhokhelwa kahle.U-Earl ukhuluma isiNavajo, no-Ann naye uyakhuluma.Abanye.Kamuva, lapho u-Earle ekhuthaza ukuvikela le mihosha, wathi amaNavajo ahlala lapha kufanele avunyelwe ukuba ahlale ngoba ayingxenye ebalulekile yale ndawo.”
Le mpikiswano yanqoba.Namuhla, cishe imindeni engama-80 yamaDiné ihlala e-Death Canyon nase-Cheri Canyon ngaphakathi kwemingcele ye-National Monument.Abanye babashayeli nabagibeli ababesebenza efilimini bangabakule mindeni, futhi bayinzalo yabantu u-Ann no-Earl Morris ababebazi cishe eminyakeni eyi-100 edlule.Kumuvi, umsizi ka-Ann no-Earl we-Navajo udlalwa umlingisi we-Diné, okhuluma isi-Navajo ngemibhalo engezansi yesiNgisi.“Ngokuvamile,” kusho uTsosie, “abenzi bamafilimu abanandaba ukuthi abalingisi boMdabu baseMelika bangasiphi isizwe noma bakhuluma luphi ulimi.”
Kule filimu, umeluleki wolimi lwesiNavajo oneminyaka engu-40 unesiqu esifushane kanye nomsila wehhashi.USheldon Blackhorse udlale isiqeshana se-YouTube ku-smartphone yakhe-le ifilimu yaseNtshonalanga yango-1964 ethi "The Faraway Trumpet" Isigcawu ku-".Umlingisi ongumNavajo ogqoke okomdabu wase-Plains Indian ukhuluma nesikhulu samasosha aseMelika eNavajo.Umenzi wefilimu akazange abone ukuthi lo mlingisi wayezidlalisa yena kanye namanye amaNavajo.“Kusobala ukuthi ngeke ungenze lutho,” esho."Uyinyoka ezigaqa phezu kwakho - inyoka."
ECanyon Del Muerto, abalingisi baseNavajo bakhuluma inguqulo yolimi elungele ama-1920s.Ubaba kaSheldon, uTaft Blackhorse, wayengumeluleki wolimi, amasiko kanye nemivubukulo endaweni yesigameko ngalolo suku.Wachaza: “Selokhu u-Ann Morris afika lapha, siye sachayeka esikweni lama-Anglo elinye ikhulu leminyaka futhi ulimi lwethu luye lwaba Lungagwegwesi futhi luqondile njengesiNgisi.Babethi, “Hamba phezu kwedwala eliphilayo.“Manje sithi, “Ukuhamba phezu kwedwala.”Le filimu izogcina indlela yakudala yokukhuluma ecishe yashabalala.”
Iqembu likhuphuke ngomhosha.Izisebenzi zakhipha amakhamera zawafaka endaweni ephakeme, zilungiselela ukufika kweModel T. Isibhakabhaka siluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka, izindonga zomhosha zibomvu ocher, namahlamvu obhabhulini aba luhlaza ngokugqamile.UVoorhees uneminyaka engu-30 kulo nyaka, mncane, unezinwele ezinsundu ezigoqekile nezici ezinamathele, ugqoke izikhindi, isikibha nesigqoko sotshani esinompheme obanzi.Wahamba ehla enyuka olwandle.“Angikholwa ukuthi silapha ngempela,” esho.
Lesi isiphetho seminyaka eminingi yokuzikhandla kwababhali, abaqondisi, abakhiqizi kanye nosomabhizinisi.Ngosizo lomfowabo uJohn nabazali bakhe, u-Voorhees wakhulisa izigidi zamaRandi kwizabelomali zokukhiqiza ezivela ngaphezu kwe-75 ngabanye abatshalizimali be-equity, ethengisa eyodwa ngesikhathi.Kwabe sekufika ubhubhane lwe-Covid-19, olwabambezela yonke iphrojekthi futhi wacela uVoorhees ukuthi aqoqe enye isigidi sama-US $ 1 ukuze abhekane nezindleko zemishini yokuzivikela (imaski, amagilavu alahlwayo, isicoci sezandla, njll.), esidinga ukuvikela inqwaba yabantu. Ohlelweni lokuqopha lwezinsuku ezingama-34, bonke abalingisi nabasebenzi besethi.
U-Voorhees wathintana nabavubukuli abangaphezu kuka-30 ukuze aqinisekise ukunemba nokuzwela kwamasiko.Wenza uhambo lokuhlola olungu-22 oluya eCanyon de Chelly naseCanyon del Muerto ukuze athole indawo engcono kakhulu kanye ne-engeli yokudubula.Iminyaka eminingana, ube nemihlangano neNavajo Nation kanye neNational Park Service, futhi baphatha ngokubambisana iCanyon Decelli National Monument.
UVoorhees wakhulela eBoulder, eColorado, kanti uyise wayengummeli.Esikhathini esiningi sobuntwana bakhe, egqugquzelwe amafilimu e-Indiana Jones, wayefuna ukuba ngumvubukuli.Wabe eseba nesithakazelo ekwenzeni amafilimu.Lapho eneminyaka engu-12, waqala ukuvolontiya emnyuziyamu esikhungweni se-University of Colorado.Le mnyuziyamu bekuyi-alma mater ka-Earl Morris futhi yaxhasa olunye uhambo lwakhe locwaningo.Isithombe esisemnyuziyamu sadonsa ukunaka kwamaVoorhees asemancane.“Lesi isithombe esimnyama nesimhlophe sika-Earl Morris eCanyon de Chelly.Kubukeka njenge-Indiana Jones kulo mhlaba omangalisayo.Ngacabanga, 'Hawu, ngifuna ukwenza ifilimu ngalowo muntu.'Ngabe sengithola ukuthi wayengumfanekiso ka-Indiana Jones, noma mhlawumbe, ngathatheka ngokuphelele.”
U-Lucas no-Spielberg baveze ukuthi indima ka-Indiana Jones isuselwe ohlotsheni oluvame ukubonakala ochungechungeni lwefilimu lwango-1930-lokho uLucas akubiza ngokuthi “isosha elinenhlanhla ebhantshini lesikhumba kanye nalolo hlobo lwesigqoko”-futhi Hhayi noma yimuphi umlando.Nokho, kwezinye izitatimende, bavuma ukuthi ngokwengxenye baphefumulelwe amamodeli amabili angokoqobo: umvubukuli ophuza i-champagne, uSylvanus Morley wengamela iMexico Ukuhlolwa kweqembu elikhulu lethempeli lamaMaya uChichén Itzá, kanye nomqondisi kaMolly wokumba, u-Earl Morris. , egqoke i-fedora nejakhethi yesikhumba ensundu, ehlanganisa umoya omangelengele wokuzidela nolwazi oluqinile Hlanganisa.
Isifiso sokwenza ifilimu mayelana no-Earl Morris sihambisane noVoorhees ngesikole esiphakeme kanye neYunivesithi yaseGeorgetown, lapho afunda khona umlando kanye nama-classics, kanye ne-Graduate School of Film e-University of Southern California.Ifilimu yokuqala ethi "First Line" ekhishwe ngabakwaNetflix ngo-2016 yashintshwa kusukela empini yasenkantolo ka-Elgin Marbles, futhi waphendukela esihlokweni sika-Earl Morris.
Ngokushesha imibhalo kaVoorhees yaba izincwadi ezimbili ezabhalwa u-Ann Morris: “Ukumba ENhlonhlweni YaseYucatan” (1931), ehlanganisa isikhathi sakhe no-Earl eChichén Itzá (Chichén Itzá) Kwadlula isikhathi, nethi “Digging in the Southwest” (1933) ), ilandisa ngokuhlangenwe nakho kwabo emagumbini amane futhi ikakhulukazi iCanyon del Muerto.Phakathi kwaleyo mibhalo ethakazelisayo ye-autobiographical—ngoba abashicileli abakwamukeli ukuthi abesifazane bangabhalela abantu abadala incwadi ekhuluma ngemivubukulo, ngakho badayiselwa izingane ezindala—uMorris uchaza lo msebenzi ngokuthi “ukuthumela emhlabeni” Uhambo lokuhlenga endaweni ekude ukuze kulungiswe izinto eziphilayo. amakhasi ahlakazekile e-autobiography.”Ngemva kokugxila ekubhaleni kwakhe, uVoorhees wanquma ukugxila ku-Ann.“Kwakuyizwi lakhe kulezo zincwadi.Ngaqala ukubhala umbhalo.”
Lelo zwi liyafundisa futhi linegunya, kodwa futhi liyaphila futhi liyahlekisa.Ngokuphathelene nothando lwakhe lwendawo ekude ye-canyon, wabhala lapho kumbiwa endaweni eseningizimu-ntshonalanga, “Ngiyavuma ukuthi ngingomunye wezisulu ezingenakubalwa zokuluthwa ingqondo endaweni eseningizimu-ntshonalanga—lesi isifo esingelapheki, esibulalayo futhi esingelapheki.”
Ku "Ukumba eYucatan", wachaza "amathuluzi adingekayo ngokuphelele" amathathu abavubukuli, okungukuthi ifosholo, iso lomuntu, kanye nomcabango-lawa angamathuluzi abaluleke kakhulu namathuluzi ahlukunyezwa kalula..“Kufanele ilawulwe ngokucophelela ngamaqiniso atholakalayo kuyilapho kugcinwa uketshezi olwanele ukuze kuguquke futhi kuzivumelanise nezimo njengoba amaqiniso amasha edalulwa.Kumelwe kubuswe ukuhluzeka kwengqondo okuqinile nengqondo enhle, futhi… Ukukalwa komuthi wokuphila kwenziwa ngaphansi kokunakekela kukasokhemisi.”
Wabhala ukuthi ngaphandle kokucabanga, izinsalela ezambiwa abavubukuli “zazingamathambo omile kuphela nothuli oluyizinhlobonhlobo.Ukucabanga kwabavumela ukuba “bakhe kabusha izindonga zamadolobha abhidlikile…Cabanga imigwaqo emikhulu yohwebo emhlabeni wonke, egcwele abahambi abanelukuluku lokufuna ukwazi, abathengisi abahahayo namasosha, manje asebekhohliwe ngokuphelele ngenxa yokunqoba okukhulu noma ukunqotshwa.”
Lapho uVoorhees ebuza u-Ann eNyuvesi yaseColorado eBoulder, wayevame ukuzwa impendulo efanayo-ngamagama amaningi, kungani umuntu engaba nendaba ngomfazi ka-Earl Morris odakiwe?Nakuba u-Ann aba umlutha wotshwala ongathi sína eminyakeni yakhe yamuva, lempikiswano enonya yokuxosha futhi yembula izinga umsebenzi ka-Ann Morris osukhohlakalwe ngalo, wangashaywa indiva, noma waqedwa ngisho nokucishwa.
U-Inga Calvin, uprofesa we-anthropology e-University of Colorado, ubelokhu ebhala incwadi ngo-Ann Morris, ikakhulukazi esekelwe ezincwadini zakhe.“Impela ungumvubukuli osezingeni eliphezulu oneziqu zasenyuvesi kanye nokuqeqeshwa kwezemfundo eFrance, kodwa ngenxa yokuthi ungowesifazane, akathathelwa phezulu,” kusho yena.“Ungowesifazane osemusha, omuhle, ophilayo othanda ukujabulisa abantu.Akusizi.Wenza isayensi yemivubukulo idume ngezincwadi, futhi akusizi.Abavubukuli bezemfundo abakhulu bayabadelela abantu abadumile.Yinto yamantombazane lena kubo.”
UCalvin ucabanga ukuthi uMorris "uphansi futhi uphawuleka kakhulu."Ekuqaleni kwawo-1920, indlela ka-Ann yokugqoka emasimini—ehamba egqoke amabhulukwe, ama-leggings, nezingubo zabesilisa ngamagxathu—yayiqinile kwabesifazane.“Endaweni eqhelile, ukulala ekamu eligcwele amadoda aqhweba i-spatula, okuhlanganisa namadoda oMdabu waseMelika, kuyafana,” kusho yena.
NgokukaMary Ann Levine, uprofesa wesayensi yesintu eFranklin naseMarshall College ePennsylvania, uMorris “wayeyiphayona, ebamba izindawo ezingenabantu.”Njengoba ukucwaswa ngokobulili kwesikhungo kuphazamisa indlela yocwaningo lwezemfundo, wathola umsebenzi ofanelekayo kumbhangqwana ochwepheshe no-Earle, wabhala imibiko yakhe eminingi yezobuchwepheshe, wamsiza ukuchaza abakutholile, futhi wabhala izincwadi eziphumelelayo.“Wethula izindlela nemigomo yesayensi yemivubukulo emphakathini oshisekayo, okuhlanganisa nabesifazane abasebasha,” kusho uLevine."Lapho elandisa indaba yakhe, wazibhalela emlandweni wemivubukulo yaseMelika."
Lapho u-Ann efika eChichen Itza, eYucatan, ngo-1924, uSilvanas Molly wamtshela ukuba anakekele indodakazi yakhe eneminyaka engu-6 ubudala futhi abe umninikhaya wezivakashi.Ukuze abalekele le misebenzi futhi ahlole indawo, wathola ithempeli elincane elalinganakiwe.Wancenga uMolly ukuthi amvumele ayimbe, futhi wayimba ngokucophelela.Ngenkathi u-Earl ebuyisela iThempeli elihle lamaQhawe (800-1050 AD), umdwebi onekhono eliphezulu u-Ann wayekopisha futhi efunda imidwebo yalo yasezindongeni.Ucwaningo lwakhe nemifanekiso kuyingxenye ebalulekile yenguqulo yevolumu emibili yeThempeli Lamaqhawe e-Chichen Itza, e-Yucatan, eyanyatheliswa yi-Carnegie Institute ngo-1931. Kanye no-Earl kanye nomdwebi ongumFulentshi uJean Charlotte, uthathwa njengo-Co- umbhali.
Eningizimu-ntshonalanga ye-United States, u-Ann no-Earl benza ukumba okukhulu futhi baqopha futhi bahlola ama-petroglyphs ezindaweni ezine ezikhona.Incwadi yakhe ekhuluma ngale mizamo yawuchitha umbono wendabuko ka-Anasazi.Njengoba uVoorhees ebeka, “Abantu bacabanga ukuthi le ngxenye yezwe ibilokhu ingabazingeli abazulazulayo.Ama-Anasazi akucatshangwa ukuthi anempucuko, amadolobha, amasiko, nezikhungo zomphakathi.Okwenziwa ngu-Ann Morris kuleyo ncwadi Kwabola kahle futhi kwanquma zonke izikhathi ezizimele zeminyaka eyi-1000 yempucuko-Basket Maker 1, 2, 3, 4;I-Pueblo 3, 4, njll."
UVoorhees umbona njengowesifazane wekhulunyaka lama-21 owayevalelwe ekuqaleni kwekhulu lama-20."Empilweni yakhe, ubenganakiwe, ehlonishwa, ehlekwa futhi evinjwa ngamabomu, ngoba i-archeology iklabhu yabafana," esho.“Isibonelo sakudala yizincwadi zakhe.Zibhalelwe abantu abadala abaneziqu zasekolishi ngokucacile, kodwa kufanele zishicilelwe njengezincwadi zezingane.”
UVoorhees ubuze uTom Felton (owaziwa kakhulu ngokudlala uDraco Malfoy kumamuvi weHarry Potter) ukuthi adlale u-Earl Morris.Umdidiyeli wefilimu u-Ann Morris (Ann Morris) udlala indawo ka-Abigail Lawrie, umlingisi oneminyaka engu-24 owazalelwa eScotland udume ngomdlalo wobugebengu we-TV waseBrithani othi "Tin Star", kanti abasha Abavubukuli banokufana okuphawulekayo ngokomzimba.“Kunjengokungathi siphinde sazalwa u-Ann,” kusho uVoorhees.“Kuyamangaza uma uhlangana naye.”
Ngosuku lwesithathu lomhosha, u-Voorhees kanye nabasebenzi bafika endaweni lapho u-Ann ashelela khona futhi wacishe wafa ngenkathi ekhuphuka edwaleni, lapho yena no-Earle bathola khona okunye okuphawuleka kakhulu-njengemivubukulo yamaphayona Ikhaya langena emhumeni okuthiwa i-Holocaust, phezulu eduze konqenqema lomhosha, engabonakali ukusuka ngezansi.
Ekhulwini le-18 nele-19, kwakuvame ukuhlasela ngobudlova, ukuhlaselana, nezimpi phakathi kwamaNavajo namaSpanishi eNew Mexico.Ngo-1805, amasosha aseSpain agibela kulo mhosha ukuze aphindiselele ukuhlasela kwamaNavajo kwakamuva.Cishe amaNavajo angu-25—abadala, abesifazane, nezingane—acashe emhumeni.Ukube bekungesona isalukazi esaqala ukuklolodela amasosha sithi “abantu abahamba bengenamehlo” ngabe bayacasha.
Amasosha aseSpain awakwazanga ukudubula inhloso yawo ngokuqondile, kodwa izinhlamvu zawo zaphuma odongeni lomhume, zalimaza noma zabulala iningi labantu ababengaphakathi.Amasosha abe esegibela emhumeni, abulala abalimele antshontsha nezimpahla zabo.Cishe eminyakeni engu-120 kamuva, u-Ann no-Earl Morris bangena emhumeni bathola amathambo amhlophe, izinhlamvu ezabulala amaNavajo, futhi zabhoboza amabala odongeni olungemuva.Lesi sibhicongo sanikeza i-Death Canyon igama elibi.(Isazi sokuma komhlaba saseSmithsonian Institution uJames Stevenson wahola uhambo lapha ngo-1882 futhi waqamba i-canyon.)
UTaft Blackhorse uthe: “Sinenkani eqinile ngokumelene nabafileyo.Asikhulumi ngabo.Asithandi ukuhlala lapho abantu befela khona.Uma umuntu efa, abantu bavame ukushiya indlu.Umphefumulo wabafileyo uyolimaza abaphilayo, ngakho nathi Bantu siyakugwema ukubulala imigede nezindawo zokuhlala zamawa.”Ukufa kukaNavajo kungase kube esinye sezizathu ezenza iCanyon of the Dead ingathinteki ngaphambi kokuba u-Ann no-Earl Morris bafike.Wayichaza ngokoqobo ngokuthi “enye yezindawo ezicebe kakhulu zokuvubukula emhlabeni.”
Bude buduze noMgede WokuQothulwa Kwesizwe kuyindawo ewumbukwane nenhle ebizwa ngokuthi uMhume OwuMummy: Lesi yisikhathi sokuqala esijabulisa kakhulu amaVoorhees avela esikrinini.Lona umhume onezendlalelo ezimbili wetshe lesanti elibomvu eligugulwe ngumoya.Ehlangothini elingamamitha angu-200 ngaphezu komhlabathi womhosha kunombhoshongo omangalisayo onezitezi ezintathu ezinamakamelo amaningana aseduze, wonke akhiwe ngamatshe ngamatshe ama-Anasazi noma abantu baka-Pueblo okhokho.
Ngo-1923, u-Ann no-Earl Morris bemba lapha futhi bathola ubufakazi bomsebenzi weminyaka eyinkulungwane, kuhlanganise nezidumbu eziningi ezacwiliswa ezinezinwele nesikhumba ezisaphelele.Cishe bonke omama—owesilisa, owesifazane, nomntwana—babegqoka amagobolondo nobuhlalu;kanjalo nokhozi olufuywayo emngcwabeni.
Omunye wemisebenzi ka-Ann ukukhipha ukungcola kwezidumbu phakathi namakhulu eminyaka futhi akhiphe amagundane azalela emgodini wawo wesisu.Akanswinini nakancane.U-Ann no-Earl basanda kushada, futhi lena iholidi labo langemva komshado.
Endlini ka-Ben Gell encane eyenziwe nge-adobe e-Tucson, endaweni engcolile yemisebenzi yezandla eseningizimu-ntshonalanga nemishini yokulalelwayo yakudala yase-Danish ethembekile, kunezinombolo eziningi zezinhlamvu, idayari, izithombe kanye nezikhumbuzo ezivela kugogo wakhe.Wakhipha ivolovolo egumbini lakhe lokulala, abakwaMorris bahamba nalo ngesikhathi sohambo.Lapho eneminyaka engu-15 ubudala, u-Earl Morris wakhomba indoda eyabulala uyise ngemva kwengxabano emotweni eFarmington, eNew Mexico.“Izandla zika-Earl zaziqhaqhazela kangangokuba waze wangakwazi ukubamba isibhamu,” kusho uGale.“Ngesikhathi edubula, isibhamu asizange siqhume wabaleka ethukile.
U-Earle wazalelwa e-Chama, eNew Mexico ngo-1889. Wakhula noyise, umshayeli wamaloli kanye nonjiniyela wokwakha owayesebenza ekulungisweni kwemigwaqo, ukwakhiwa kwamadamu, izimayini kanye namaphrojekthi kaloliwe.Ngesikhathi sabo sokuphumula, ubaba nendodana bafuna izinsalela zaboMdabu baseMelika;U-Earle wasebenzisa ukukhetha okusalungiswa okufushanisiwe ukuze ambe ibhodwe lakhe lokuqala eneminyaka engu-31/2.Ngemva kokubulawa kukayise, ukumbiwa kwezinto zobuciko kwaba ukwelashwa kuka-Earl's OCD.Ngo-1908, wangena eNyuvesi yaseColorado eBoulder, lapho athola khona iziqu ze-master in psychology, kodwa wakhangwa ukuvubukula-hhayi nje ukumba amabhodwe namagugu, kodwa nolwazi nokuqonda okwedlule.Ngo-1912, wamba amanxiwa aseMayan eGuatemala.Ngo-1917, eneminyaka engu-28 ubudala, waqala ukumba nokubuyisela amanxiwa ama-Aztec okhokho basePueblo eNew Mexico ukuze enze i-American Museum of Natural History.
U-Ann wazalwa ngo-1900 futhi wakhulela emndenini ocebile e-Omaha.Lapho eneminyaka engu-6, njengoba eshilo ku-"Southwest Digging", umngane womndeni wambuza ukuthi yini ayefuna ukuyenza lapho ekhula.Njengoba nje ezichaza, enesizotha futhi engakafiki, wanikeza impendulo ecutshungulwe kahle, eyisibikezelo esinembile sempilo yakhe esemdala: “Ngifuna ukumba umcebo ogqitshiwe, ngihlole phakathi kwamaNdiya, ngipende futhi ngigqoke Hamba isibhamu. bese uya ekolishi.”
UGal ubefunda izincwadi u-Ann azibhalela unina eSmith College eNorthampton, Massachusetts.“Uprofesa wathi wayeyintombazane ehlakaniphe kunabo bonke eSmith College,” kusho uGale kimi.“Uyimpilo yephathi, enamahlaya, mhlawumbe ecashe ngemuva kwayo.Ulokhu esebenzisa amahlaya ezincwadini zakhe futhi utshela unina konke, kuhlanganise nezinsuku lapho engakwazi ukuvuka.Ucindezelekile?I-Hangover?Mhlawumbe kokubili.Yebo, asazi ngempela.”
U-Ann uhlatshwa umxhwele abantu bokuqala, umlando wasendulo, nomphakathi wamaMelika Omdabu ngaphambi kokunqotshwa kweYurophu.Ukhale kuSolwazi wakhe wezomlando ngokuthi zonke izifundo zabo ziqale sekwedlule isikhathi nokuthi sekusungulwe impucuko nohulumeni.“Kwaze kwaba yilapho uprofesa othile engangihlukunyezwa ekhuluma ngokucikeka ukuthi ngingase ngifune imivubukulo esikhundleni somlando, lokho akuzange kuqale,” ebhala.Ngemva kokuphothula eSmith College ngo-1922, wahamba ngomkhumbi waya eFrance ukuze ajoyine i-American Academy of Prehistoric Archaeology, lapho athola khona ukuqeqeshwa kokumba insimu.
Nakuba ayeke wahlangana no-Earl Morris eShiprock, eNew Mexico—wayevakashele umzala wakhe—ukulandelana kwezikhathi zokuqomisana kwakungacacile.Kodwa kubonakala sengathi u-Earl wathumela incwadi ku-Ann lapho efunda eFrance, emcela ukuba ashade naye.“Wayethatheke ngokuphelele ngaye,” kusho uGale.“Washada neqhawe lakhe.Lena futhi kuyindlela yakhe yokuba isazi semivubukulo-angene kulo mkhakha. "Encwadini ayibhalela umndeni wakhe ngo-1921, wathi ukube wayeyindoda, u-Earl ubengakujabulela ukumnikeza umsebenzi wokuphatha ukumba, kodwa umxhasi wakhe wayengeke avumele owesifazane ukuba abambe lesi sikhundla.Wabhala: “Amazinyo ami aseshwabene ngenxa yokugaya ngokuphindaphindiwe.”
Umshado wawuseGallup, eNew Mexico ngo-1923. Khona-ke, ngemva kokumbiwa kwe-honeymoon eMummy Cave, bathatha isikebhe baya eYucatan, lapho iCarnegie Institute yaqasha khona u-Earl ukuba ambambe futhi akhe kabusha iThe Warrior Temple eChichen Itza.Etafuleni lasekhishini, uGail wabeka Izithombe zikagogo nomkhulu wakhe emanxiweni aseMayan-U-Ann ugqoke isigqoko esinobudlabha nehembe elimhlophe, ukopisha imidwebo yasendongeni;indlebe ilenga isixube sikasimende endaweni yokushayela iloli;futhi usethempelini elincane le-Xtoloc Cenote.Lapho “wazuza ama-spurs” akhe njengomvubukuli, wabhala lapho kumbiwa eYucatan.
Kuwo wonke ama-1920s, umndeni wakwaMorris wawuphila impilo yokuzulazula, uhlukanisa isikhathi sabo phakathi kweYucatan neNingizimu-ntshonalanga ye-United States.Kusukela kusimo sobuso nomzimba okhonjiswe ezithombeni zika-Ann, kanye nephrozi ephilayo nekhuthazayo ezincwadini zakhe, izincwadi kanye nedayari, kusobala ukuthi uthatha uhambo oluhle lomzimba nokuhlakanipha nendoda ayithandayo.Ngokuka-Inga Calvin, u-Ann uphuza utshwala—okungavamile kusazi semivubukulo yasensimini—kodwa usasebenza futhi uyakujabulela ukuphila kwakhe.
Khona-ke, ngesikhathi esithile ngawo-1930, lona wesifazane okhaliphile, onomdlandla waba ngundlovukayiphikiswa.“Lena yimpicabadala empilweni yakhe, futhi umndeni wami awuzange ukhulume ngayo,” kusho uGale.“Lapho ngibuza umama ngo-Ann, wayethi, ‘Uyisidakwa,’ abese eshintsha indaba.Angiphiki ukuthi u-Ann uyisidakwa - kufanele ukuthi - kodwa ngicabanga ukuthi le ncazelo ilula kakhulu i-NS."
U-Gale wayefuna ukwazi ukuthi ukuhlala nokubeletha e-Boulder, e-Colorado (umama wakhe u-Elizabeth Ann wazalwa ngo-1932 futhi u-Sarah Lane wazalwa ngo-1933) kwaba inguquko enzima ngemva kwaleyo minyaka enzima ehamba phambili ekuvubukuleni.U-Inga Calvin washo ngokungagwegwesi: “Isihogo leso.Ku-Ann nezingane zakhe, bayamesaba.”Nokho, kukhona nezindaba ezimayelana no-Ann wenzela izingane idili lemvunulo endlini kaBoulder.
Lapho eneminyaka engu-40 ubudala, wayengavamile ukuphuma ekamelweni eliphezulu.Ngokomunye umndeni, wayeyehla kabili ngonyaka evakashela izingane zakhe, futhi igumbi lakhe lalinqatshelwe ngokuphelele.Kwakukhona imijovo nezishisi ze-Bunsen kulelo gumbi, okwenza amanye amalungu omndeni aqagele ukuthi usebenzisa i-morphine noma i-heroin.UGail akazange acabange ukuthi kuyiqiniso.U-Ann unesifo sikashukela futhi ujova i-insulin.Uthe mhlawumbe isishisi seBunsen sisetshenziselwa ukufudumeza ikhofi noma itiye.
"Ngicabanga ukuthi lokhu kuyinhlanganisela yezinto eziningi," esho.“Udakiwe, unesifo sikashukela, unesifo samathambo esinzima futhi cishe unesifo sokucindezeleka.”Ekupheleni kwempilo yakhe, u-Earl wabhalela ubaba ka-Ann incwadi mayelana nalokho udokotela ayekwenzile X Ukuhlolwa okulula kwembula amaqhuqhuva amhlophe, “njengomsila wenkanyezi enomsila ohlanganisa umgogodla wakhe”.UGale wacabanga ukuthi iqhubu liyisimila futhi ubuhlungu bukhulu kakhulu.
U-Coerte Voorhees wayefuna ukudubula zonke izigcawu zakhe zeCanyon de Chelly kanye neCanyon del Muerto ezindaweni zangempela e-Arizona, kodwa ngenxa yezizathu zezimali kwadingeka adubule izigcawu eziningi kwenye indawo.Isifunda saseNew Mexico, lapho yena nethimba lakhe batholakala khona, sihlinzeka ngezinxephezelo zentela ezinhle zokukhiqizwa kwefilimu esifundazweni, kuyilapho i-Arizona inganikezi nganoma yiziphi izikhuthazo.
Lokhu kusho ukuthi ukuma kwe-Canyon Decelli National Monument kumele kutholwe eNew Mexico.Ngemuva kokuhlolwa okuningi, wanquma ukushutha eRed Rock Park emaphethelweni eGallup.Isilinganiso sokwakheka kwezwe sincane kakhulu, kodwa senziwe ngetshe lesanti elibomvu elifanayo, eliguguleke libe yisimo esifanayo nomoya, futhi ngokuphambene nenkolelo evamile, ikhamera ingumqambimanga omuhle.
E-Hongyan, izisebenzi zasebenza namahhashi angabambisani nomoya nemvula kwaze kwaba sebusuku kakhulu, futhi umoya waphenduka iqhwa elitshekile.Kusemini, amakhekheba eqhwa asadlangala ogwadule oluphakeme, futhi u-Laurie-isithombe esiphilayo sika-Ann Morris-emprakthiza ngemigqa ka-Taft Blackhorse nendodana yakhe uSheldon Navajo.
Isikhathi sokuthumela: Sep-09-2021