Ukubuyisela umgwaqo omkhulu wase-Arizona oya e-Portland usimende kungafakazela inzuzo yokusebenzisa ukugaya idayimane njengenye indlela yokugaya nokugcwalisa okujwayelekile.Umbono ubonisa ukuthi esikhathini esiyiminyaka engu-30, izindleko zokunakekela zizoncishiswa nge-USD 3.9 billion.
Lesi sihloko sisekelwe kuwebhu eyayibanjwe ekuqaleni ngesikhathi seNkomfa Yezobuchwepheshe Yomhlaba Wonke (IGGA) ngoDisemba 2020. Buka idemo ephelele ngezansi.
Izakhamuzi endaweni yasePhoenix zifuna imigwaqo ebushelelezi, emihle, nethule.Kodwa-ke, ngenxa yokuqhuma kokwanda kwabantu endaweni kanye nokushoda kwezimali okufanele ziqhubeke, izimo zemigwaqo kule ndawo bezilokhu zehla kule minyaka eyishumi edlule.Umnyango Wezokuthutha wase-Arizona (ADOT) ufunda izixazululo zokudala ukuze kugcinwe inethiwekhi yawo enguthelawayeka nokuhlinzeka ngezinhlobo zemigwaqo umphakathi ozilindele.
IPhoenix iyidolobha lesihlanu elinabantu abaningi e-United States, futhi lisakhula.Inethiwekhi yamamayela angu-435 yedolobha yemigwaqo namabhuloho inakekelwa indawo emaphakathi ye-Arizona Department of Transportation (ADOT), iningi layo elihlanganisa imigwaqo emine enemizila eyengeziwe yezimoto eziphezulu (HOV).Ngesabelomali sokwakha sezigidi ezingu-US$500 ngonyaka, isifunda ngokuvamile senza amaphrojekthi wokwakha angama-20 kuya kwangu-25 kuxhaxha lwemigwaqo egcwele abantu abaningi unyaka ngamunye.
I-Arizona ibilokhu isebenzisa ama-pavement okhonkolo kusukela ngawo-1920s.Ukhonkolo ungasetshenziswa amashumi eminyaka futhi udinga ukulungiswa njalo eminyakeni engama-20-25.E-Arizona, iminyaka engu-40 yokuhlangenwe nakho okuyimpumelelo kwenze yakwazi ukusetshenziswa ngesikhathi kwakhiwa imigwaqo emikhulu yesifundazwe ngawo-1960.Ngaleso sikhathi, ukugandaywa komgwaqo ngokhonkolo kwakusho ukuhwebelana ngomsindo womgwaqo.Ngalesi sikhathi, indawo kakhonkolo iqedwa ngokufaka amathini (ukudonsa ireki lensimbi endaweni kakhonkolo eqondane nokugeleza kwethrafikhi), futhi amathayi ashayela kukhonkolo kathini azokhipha umsindo onomsindo, nokukhala okuhambisanayo.Ngo-2003, ukuze kuxazululwe inkinga yomsindo, i-1-in.I-Asphalt Rubber Friction Layer (AR-ACFC) isetshenziswe phezu kwePortland Cement Concrete (PCC).Lokhu kunikeza ukubukeka okungaguquki, umsindo othulile kanye nokuhamba okunethezekile.Kodwa-ke, ukulondoloza ubuso be-AR-ACFC kufakazele ukuthi kuyinselele.
Impilo yokuklama ye-AR-ACFC cishe iminyaka eyi-10.Imigwaqo emikhulu yase-Arizona manje isidlule impilo yayo yokuklama futhi iyaguga.Ukubekwa kwamaqhinga kanye nezinkinga ezihlobene nakho kubangela izinkinga kubashayeli kanye noMnyango Wezokuthutha.Nakuba i-delamination ngokuvamile iholela ekulahlekeni okungaba yi-intshi engu-1 yokujula komgwaqo (ngoba itiyela lenjoloba eliwugqinsi elingu-1 intshi lihlukanisiwe nokhonkolo ngezansi), indawo eyi-delamination ithathwa njengegodi ngumphakathi ohambayo futhi ithathwa njengenzima kakhulu. inkinga.
Ngemva kokuhlola ukugaya kwedayimane, izindawo zokukhonkolo zesizukulwane esilandelayo, kanye nokuqeda indawo kakhonkolo nge-slip grinder noma i-micromilling, i-ADOT yanquma ukuthi ukuthungwa kwe-longitudinal okutholwe ukugaya idayimane kunikeza ukubukeka kwentambo okujabulisayo nokusebenza kahle kokushayela (Njengoba kuboniswa izinombolo eziphansi ze-IRI) ) kanye nokukhishwa komsindo omncane.Randy Everett kanye noMnyango Wezokuthutha wase-Arizona
I-Arizona isebenzisa i-International Roughness Index (IRI) ukukala izimo zomgwaqo, futhi inombolo ibilokhu yehla.(I-IRI iwuhlobo lwedatha yezibalo ezimahhadlahhadla, ecishe isetshenziswe izikhungo zikazwelonke njengenkomba yokusebenza yohlelo lwazo lokuphatha i-pavement. Uma liphansi inani, liba lincane ubulukhuni, obufiselekayo).Ngokwezilinganiso ze-IRI ezenziwa ngo-2010, u-72% wemigwaqo emikhulu ephakathi nendawo esifundeni isesimweni esihle.Ngo-2018, lesi silinganiso sase sehle safinyelela ku-53%.Imizila yesistimu yemigwaqo emikhulu kazwelonke nayo ikhombisa ukwehla.Izilinganiso ngo-2010 zabonisa ukuthi u-68% wemigwaqo yayisesimweni esihle.Ngo-2018, lesi sibalo sase sehle safinyelela ku-35%.
Njengoba izindleko zikhuphuka—futhi isabelomali asikwazanga ukuqhubeka—ngo-April 2019, i-ADOT yaqala ukufuna izinketho ezingcono zokulondoloza kunasebhokisini lamathuluzi langaphambilini.Emapavumente asesesimeni esihle esikhathini seminyaka eyi-10 kuya kweyi-15—futhi kuya ngokuya kubaluleke kakhulu ukuthi umnyango ugcine umgwaqo okhona usesimweni esihle-okukhethwa kukho okuhlanganisa ukuvala i-crack sealing, ukufaka uphawu lokufafaza (ukufaka indawo encane. ungqimba lokukhanya, i-asphalt emulsion eqiniswe kancane kancane), noma ukulungisa imigodi ngayinye.Kuma-pavements adlula impilo yokuklama, enye inketho iwukuba ugaye itiyela eliwohlokayo bese ubeka imbondela entsha ye-asphalt yenjoloba.Nokho, ngenxa yobubanzi bendawo edinga ukulungiswa, lokhu kubonakala kubiza kakhulu.Esinye isithiyo kunoma yisiphi isisombululo esidinga ukugaya ngokuphindaphindiwe kwendawo ye-asphalt ukuthi imishini yokugaya izothinta nakanjani futhi ilimaze ukhonkolo ongaphansi, futhi ukulahlekelwa kwezinto ezibonakalayo ezihlangene kuyingozi kakhulu.
Kwakuzokwenzekani uma i-Arizona ibuyela endaweni yokuqala ye-PCC?I-ADOT iyazi ukuthi imigwaqo ewukhonkolo esifundazweni iklanyelwe ukuhlinzeka ngokuqina kwesakhiwo sempilo ende.Umnyango ubonile ukuthi uma ungasebenzisa i-PCC engaphansi ukuze uthuthukise indawo yayo yokuqala enamazinyo ukuze yakhe umgwaqo othule futhi okwazi ukugitshezeka, umgwaqo olungiswayo ungase uhlale isikhathi eside futhi udinga ukulungiswa.Futhi incane kakhulu kune-asphalt.
Njengengxenye yephrojekthi ku-SR 101 enyakatho ye-Phoenix, ungqimba lwe-AR-ACFC lususiwe, ngakho i-ADOT ifake izigaba ezine zokuhlola ukuze ihlole izixazululo zesikhathi esizayo ezizosebenzisa ukhonkolo okhona kuyilapho iqinisekisa ukushelela, ukugibela okuzolile nokubukeka kahle komgwaqo.Umnyango ubuyekeze ukugaywa kwedayimane kanye ne-Next Generation Concrete Surface (NGCS), ukuthungwa okunephrofayili yenhlabathi elawulwayo kanye nokuthungwa okungekuhle noma okuya phansi sekukonke, okuthuthukiswe njengendlela egandayiwe ngokhonkolo enomsindo ophansi.I-ADOT futhi icubungula ukusetshenziswa komshini wokushibilika (inqubo lapho umshini uqondisa khona amabhola endaweni yomgwaqo ukuze kuthuthukiswe izici zokungqubuzana) noma umshini wokugaya ukuze uqedele ukhonkolo.Ngemva kokuhlola indlela ngayinye, i-ADOT inqume ukuthi ukuthungwa kwe-longitudinal okutholwe ngokugaya kwedayimane kunikeza ukubukeka kwe-corduroy okujabulisayo kanye nolwazi oluhle lokugibela (njengoba kuboniswa inani eliphansi le-IRI) nomsindo ophansi.Inqubo yokugaya idayimane nayo ibonakale imnene ngokwanele ukuvikela izindawo zikakhonkolo, ikakhulukazi ezizungeze amajoyinti, ebezilinyazwe phambilini ngokugaywa.Ukugaya idayimane nakho kuyisixazululo esingabizi kakhulu.
NgoMeyi 2019, i-ADOT yanquma ukugaya idayimane ingxenye encane ye-SR 202 etholakala endaweni eseningizimu yePhoenix.Umgwaqo oneminyaka engu-15 ubudala i-AR-ACFC wawuxegekile futhi ugqizekile kangangokuthi amatshe axegayo ajikijelwa kuwindi lomoya, futhi abashayeli bakhala ngokuthi iwindi langaphambili lilinyazwa amatshe andizayo nsuku zonke.Ingxenye yezimangalo zokulahlekelwa kulesi sifunda iphezulu kunezinye izifunda zezwe.Indawo eseceleni yomgwaqo nayo inomsindo omkhulu futhi kunzima ukuyishayela.I-ADOT ikhethe ukuqedwa okuqedwe ngedayimane kwemizila emibili engakwesokudla eduze kwe-SR 202 isigamu semayela ubude.Basebenzise ibhakede lokulayisha ukuze basuse ungqimba olukhona lwe-AR-ACFC ngaphandle kokulimaza ukhonkolo ngezansi.Umnyango uyivivinye ngempumelelo le ndlela ngo-Ephreli ngesikhathi bebhunga ngezindlela zokubuyela emgwaqeni iPCC.Ngemva kokuphothulwa kwephrojekthi, ummeleli we-ADOT waqaphela ukuthi umshayeli uzosuka emzileni we-AR-ACFC aye emzileni wekhonkrithi ongaphansi kwedayimane ukuze azibonele indlela yokugibela ethuthukisiwe nezici zomsindo.
Nakuba kungewona wonke amaphrojekthi okuhlola aseqediwe, okutholwe ekuqaleni ngezindleko kubonisa ukuthi ukonga okuhlobene nokusetshenziswa kwendawo egandaywe ngokhonkolo kanye nokugaywa kwedayimane ukuze kuthuthukiswe ukubukeka, ukushelela, nomsindo kunganciphisa ukunakekelwa kwempahla ngemali efinyelela kumaRandi ayizigidi eziyizinkulungwane ezingu-3,9 ngonyaka.Esikhathini esiyiminyaka engama-30.Randy Everett kanye noMnyango Wezokuthutha wase-Arizona
Ngalesi sikhathi, i-Maricopa Government Association (MAG) ikhiphe umbiko ohlola umsindo womgwaqo omkhulu wendawo kanye nokushayeka.Umbiko uvuma ubunzima bokugcina uxhaxha lwemigwaqo futhi ugxile ezicini zomsindo womgwaqo.Isiphetho esiyinhloko ukuthi ngenxa yokuthi inzuzo yomsindo ye-AR-ACFC inyamalala ngokushesha, "ukwelashwa kwedayimane lomhlabathi kufanele kucatshangelwe esikhundleni sokumbondelana kwe-asphalt yenjoloba."Enye intuthuko ngasikhathi sinye yinkontileka yokuthengwa kwempahla yesondlo evumela ukugaywa kwedayimane Inkontileka ilethwe ukuze izolungiswa futhi yakhiwe.
I-ADOT ikholelwa ukuthi sekuyisikhathi sokuthatha isinyathelo esilandelayo futhi ihlela ukuqala iphrojekthi enkulu yokugaya idayimane ku-SR 202 ngoFebhuwari 2020. Le phrojekthi ihlanganisa ingxenye engamamayela amane ubude, enemizila emine ububanzi, kuhlanganise nezingxenye ezitshekile.Indawo yayinkulu kakhulu ukuba ingasebenzisa isilayishi ukuze kukhishwe itiyela, ngakho kwasetshenziswa umshini wokugaya.Umnyango usika izingcezu zetiyela zenjoloba ukuze usonkontileka ogayayo azisebenzise njengomhlahlandlela ngesikhathi sokugaya.Ngokwenza kube lula ku-opharetha ukubona indawo ye-PCC ngaphansi kwesembozo, okokusebenza kokugaya kungalungiswa futhi umonakalo kukhonkolo ongaphansi ungancishiswa.Indawo yokugcina yedayimane ye-SR 202 ihlangabezana nazo zonke izindinganiso ze-ADOT-ithulile, ibushelelezi futhi iyakhanga-uma iqhathaniswa ne-asphalt, inani le-IRI lalithandeka kakhulu ngeminyaka yawo-1920s kanye nawo-1930s.Lezi zici zomsindo eziqhathanisekayo zingatholakala ngoba nakuba indawo egandayiwe ye-AR-ACFC entsha icishe ithule ngo-5 dB kunenhlabathi yedayimane, lapho umgwaqo we-AR-ACFC usetshenziswa iminyaka emi-5 kuye kweyi-9, imiphumela yawo yokulinganisa iyaqhathaniswa noma iphakeme Izinga le-dB.Akukhona nje kuphela ukuthi izinga lomsindo lendawo entsha yedayimane i-SR 202 liphansi kakhulu kubashayeli, kodwa umgwaqo oseceleni womgwaqo uphinda udale umsindo omncane emiphakathini eseduze.
Impumelelo yamaphrojekthi abo okuqala yashukumisela i-ADOT ukuba iqale amanye amaphrojekthi okulinga amathathu okugaya idayimane.Ukugaywa kwedayimane kweLoop 101 Price Freeway sekuqediwe.Ukugaywa kwedayimane ku-Loop 101 Pima Freeway kuzokwenziwa ekuqaleni kuka-2021, kanti ukwakhiwa kwe-Loop 101 I-17 kuya ku-75th Avenue kulindeleke ukuthi kwenziwe eminyakeni emihlanu ezayo.I-ADOT izolandelela ukusebenza kwazo zonke izinto ukuze ihlole ukusekelwa kwamalunga, ukuthi ukhonkolo uxebukile, nokugcinwa komsindo nekhwalithi yokugibela.
Nakuba kungewona wonke amaphrojekthi okulinga aseqediwe, idatha eqoqwe kuze kube manje ithethelela ukucatshangelwa kokugaya idayimane njengenye indlela yokugaya nokugcwaliswa okujwayelekile.Imiphumela yokuqala yophenyo lwezindleko ibonisa ukuthi ukonga okuhlobene nokusebenzisa indawo egandaywe ngokhonkolo kanye nokugaywa kwedayimane ukuze kuthuthukiswe ukubukeka, ukushelela nomsindo kunganciphisa izindleko zokulungisa ngezigidigidi ezifika ku-$3.9 esikhathini esiyiminyaka engama-30.
Ngokusebenzisa indawo egandaywe ngokhonkolo ekhona ePhoenix, akugcini nje ukunwetshwa isabelomali sokulungisa imigwaqo futhi imigwaqo eminingi igcinwa isesimweni esihle, kodwa ukuqina kukakhonkolo kuqinisekisa ukuthi ukuphazamiseka okuhlobene nokulungiswa komgwaqo kuyancishiswa.Okubaluleke kakhulu, umphakathi uzokwazi ukujabulela indawo yokushayela ebushelelezi nethule.
U-Randy Everett ungumqondisi womnyango ophezulu woMnyango Wezokuthutha e-Central Arizona.
I-IGGA yinhlangano yabahwebi engenzi nzuzo eyasungulwa ngo-1972 yiqembu lochwepheshe bemboni abazinikele, abazinikele ekuthuthukiseni izinqubo zokugaya idayimane kanye ne-grooving kakhonkolo wase-Portland kanye netiyela.Ngo-1995, i-IGGA yajoyina inxusa le-American Concrete Pavement Association (ACPA), yakha i-IGGA/ACPA Concrete Pavement Protection Partnership (IGGA/ACPA CP3) yanamuhla.Namuhla, lobu budlelwano buyisisetshenziswa sezobuchwepheshe kanye nomholi wemboni ekukhangiseni komhlaba wonke kwezindawo ezigandaywe kahle ezilungiselelwe kahle, ukulungiswa kwendawo egandaywe ngokhonkolo kanye nokuvikelwa kwendlela egandayiwe.Umgomo we-IGGA uwukuba insiza yobuchwepheshe ehamba phambili nokukhuthaza ekwamukelweni nasekusetshenzisweni ngendlela efanele kokugaya idayimane nokugxusha, kanye nokulondolozwa nokubuyiselwa kwe-PCC.
Isikhathi sokuthumela: Sep-08-2021