UMark Ellison umi phansi kwe-plywood eluhlaza, ugqolozele le ndlu yedolobha ebhidliziwe yekhulu le-19.Ngaphezu kwakhe, amajoyinti, imishayo, nezintambo ziphambana ngokukhanya okuyingxenye, njengolwembu lwesicabucabu esihlanyayo.Akakazi kahle ukuthi uzoyakha kanjani le nto.Ngokohlelo lomdwebi wamapulani, leli gumbi lizoba yindlu yokugezela eyinhloko-i-cocoon egobile, ekhanyayo enezibani ze-pinbole.Kodwa uphahla alwenzi mqondo.Ingxenye yawo iyindawo engaphansi kwemiphongolo, njengengaphakathi lesonto lombhishobhi laseRoma;enye ingxenye iyindawo engaphansi kwe-groin, njenge-nave ye-cathedral.Ephepheni, ijika eliyindilinga lenye idome ligeleza ngokushelelayo liye ejikeni eliyi-elliptic lenye idome.Kodwa ukubavumela benze lokhu ngezigaba ezintathu kuyiphupho elibi.“Ngakhombisa imidwebo kumdlali webhesi eqenjini,” kusho u-Ellison.“Uyisazi se-physics, ngakho ngambuza, 'Ungakwazi ukwenza izibalo zalokhu?'Wathi cha.’”
Imigqa eqondile ilula, kodwa amajika anzima.U-Ellison uthe izindlu eziningi zimane nje ziyiqoqo lamabhokisi.Siwabeka eceleni noma anqwabelene, njengezingane ezidlala ngamabhulokhi wokwakha.Faka uphahla lukanxantathu futhi usuqedile.Uma isakhiwo sisakhiwe ngesandla, le nqubo izokhiqiza ama-curves-igloos ngezikhathi ezithile, izindlu zodaka, izindlu, ama-yurts-futhi abadwebi bezakhiwo baye bazuza umusa wabo ngama-arches nama-domes.Kodwa ukukhiqizwa ngobuningi bobunjwa obuyisicaba ishibhile, futhi i-sawmill ngayinye kanye nefektri ikhiqiza ngosayizi ofanayo: izitini, amabhodi okhuni, amabhodi e-gypsum, amathayili e-ceramic.U-Ellison uthe lobu ubushiqela obungajwayelekile.
“Nami angikwazi ukubala lokhu,” engeza, ehlehla.“Kodwa ngingayakha.”U-Ellison ungumbazi—abanye bathi ungumbazi ongcono kakhulu eNew York, nakuba lokhu kungafakwanga nhlobo.Ngokuya ngomsebenzi, u-Ellison uphinde abe ngumshicileli, umqophi, usonkontileka, umbazi, umsunguli kanye nomklami wezimboni.Ungumbazi, njengoFilippo Brunelleschi, umakhi weDome of Florence Cathedral, ungunjiniyela.Uyindoda eqashelwe ukwakha into engenakwenzeka.
Phansi ngezansi kwethu, izisebenzi zithwele amapulangwe ezitebhisi zesikhashana, zigwema amathayili acishe aphela emnyango.Amapayipi nezintambo zingena lapha esitezi sesithathu, zizulazula ngaphansi kwama-joists naphansi, kuyilapho ingxenye yezitebhisi iphakanyiswa ngamafasitela esitezi sesine.Ithimba labasebenzi bensimbi laliwashisela, lifafaza inhlansi ende ende emoyeni.Esitezi sesihlanu, ngaphansi kophahleni olukhuphukayo lwestudiyo se-skylight, kupendiwe ezinye imishayo yensimbi eveziwe, kuyilapho umbazi wakha ingxenye yophahla ophahleni, futhi umdwebi wamatshe washesha wadlula esikafini ngaphandle ukuze abuyisele izindonga zangaphandle zezitini nezamatshe ansundu. .Lokhu ukungcola okuvamile endaweni yokwakha.Okubonakala kungahleliwe empeleni kuwuhlelo oluyinkimbinkimbi olwakhiwe izisebenzi ezinekhono nezingxenye, ezihlelwe kusasele izinyanga ezimbalwa, futhi manje eziqoqwe ngokulandelana okunqunyiwe.Okubukeka njengesibhicongo ukuhlinzwa okwakha kabusha.Amathambo nezitho zesakhiwo kanye nesimiso sokujikeleza kwegazi kuvulekile njengeziguli etafuleni lokusebenza.U-Ellison uthe kuhlale kunesiphithiphithi ngaphambi kokuthi i-drywall ikhuphuke.Ngemva kwezinyanga ezimbalwa, angikwazanga ukukubona.
Waqonda phakathi kwehholo elikhulu wafike wama njengetshe eligelezayo eqondisa amanzi, enganyakazi.U-Ellison uneminyaka engu-58 ubudala futhi useneminyaka ecela ku-40 engumbazi.Uyindoda enkulu enamahlombe asindayo futhi etshekile.Unezihlakala eziqinile nezinzipho eziyinyama, ikhanda elinempandla nezindebe eziyinyama, eziphuma entshebeni yakhe edabukile.Kukhona ikhono lomnkantsha ojulile kuye, futhi linamandla ukufunda: ubonakala enziwe ngezinto eziminyene kunabanye.Ngezwi elinolaka namehlo abanzi, aqaphile, ubukeka njengomlingiswa ovela ku-Tolkien noma u-Wagner: u-Nibelungen ohlakaniphile, umenzi wengcebo.Uthanda imishini, umlilo nezinsimbi eziyigugu.Uthanda ukhuni, ithusi namatshe.Wathenga umshini wokuxuba usimende futhi wazifela ngawo iminyaka emibili—engakwazi ukuwuyeka.Uthe okumhehe ukuthi abambe iqhaza kulo msebenzi yikhono lemilingo, okuyinto abengayilindele.Ukukhanya kwegugu kuletha umongo wezwe.
“Akekho owake wangiqasha ukuthi ngenze i-traditional architecture,” esho.“Osozigidi abazifuni izinto zakudala ezifanayo.Bafuna okungcono kunesikhathi sokugcina.Bafuna into engakaze yenziwe muntu ngaphambili.Lokhu kuyingqayizivele efulethini labo futhi kungase kungabi nakuhlakanipha.”Ngezinye izikhathi lokhu kuzokwenzeka.Isimangaliso;kaningi hhayi.U-Ellison wakhele izindlu zikaDavid Bowie, uWoody Allen, uRobin Williams, nabanye abaningi angeke adalulwe ngamagama.Iphrojekthi yakhe eshibhe kakhulu ibize cishe amaRandi ayizigidi ezi-5, kodwa amanye amaphrojekthi angase akhule afinyelele ezigidini ezingu-50 noma ngaphezulu."Uma befuna i-Downton Abbey, ngingabanika i-Downton Abbey," esho.“Uma befuna ukugeza kwamaRoma ngizokwakha.Ngenze izindawo ezimbi kakhulu-ngiqonde ukuthi, ezimbi ngendlela ephazamisayo.Kodwa anginalo iponi emdlalweni.Uma befuna iStudio 54, mina Izokwakhiwa.Kodwa kuzoba yiStudio 54 engcono kakhulu abake bayibona, futhi kuzokwengezwa neStudio 56.”
Izindlu ezithengiswayo ezisezingeni eliphezulu zaseNew York zikhona ku-microcosm ngokwayo, zithembele kwizibalo ezingajwayelekile ezingaqondile.Ayinazingqinamba ezivamile, njengombhoshongo wezinaliti ophakanyiswe ukuze ubhekane nawo.Ngisho nasengxenyeni ejulile yenkinga yezimali, ngo-2008, abacebile kakhulu baqhubeka nokwakha.Bathenga izindlu ezithengiswayo ngamanani aphansi bese bezenza izindlu eziqashisayo eziwubukhazikhazi.Noma uzishiye zingenalutho, ucabanga ukuthi imakethe izolulama.Noma uwathole e-China noma e-Saudi Arabia, engabonakali, ecabanga ukuthi idolobha liseyindawo ephephile yokupaka izigidi.Noma ungawunaki ngokuphelele umnotho, ucabanga ukuthi ngeke ubalimaze.Ezinyangeni ezimbalwa zokuqala zalolu bhubhane, abantu abaningi bebekhuluma ngabantu abacebile baseNew York ababalekela idolobha.Yonke imakethe yayiwa, kodwa ekwindla, imakethe yezindlu zokunethezeka yaqala ukubuya: ngesonto eledlule likaSepthemba kuphela, okungenani izindlu ezingu-21 eManhattan zathengiswa ngemali engaphezu kwezigidi ezingu-4 zamaRandi.“Konke esikwenzayo akuhlakaniphile,” kusho u-Ellison.“Akekho ozokwengeza inani noma adayise njengoba senza ngamafulethi.Akekho oyidingayo.Bafuna nje.”
I-New York cishe iyindawo enzima kakhulu emhlabeni yokwakha izakhiwo.Indawo yokwakha noma yini incane kakhulu, imali yokuyakha inkulu kakhulu, kanye nokucindezela, njengokwakha i-geyser, imibhoshongo yengilazi, amabhilidi ezakhiwo zeGothic, amathempeli aseGibhithe kanye nezitezi zaseBauhaus endizela emoyeni.Uma kukhona, ingaphakathi labo liyikristalu engavamile nakakhulu lapho ingcindezi iphendukela ngaphakathi.Thatha ilifti yangasese uye endaweni yokuhlala yasePark Avenue, umnyango ungavulelwa igumbi lokuhlala lezwe laseFrance noma indawo yokuzingela yamaNgisi, indawo ephansi ye-minimalist noma umtapo wezincwadi waseByzantine.Uphahla lugcwele abangcwele nabafel’ ukholo.Ayikho i-logic engasuka endaweni eyodwa iye kwenye.Awukho umthetho wokuklama izindawo noma isiko lezakhiwo elixhumanisa isigodlo sehora le-12 nendawo engcwele yehora le-24.Amakhosi azo ayafana nawo.
“Angiwutholi umsebenzi emadolobheni amaningi ase-United States,” kusho u-Ellison kimi.“Lo msebenzi awukho lapho.Okomuntu siqu kakhulu.”I-New York inamafulethi afanayo ayisicaba kanye nezakhiwo eziphakeme kakhulu, kodwa nalezi zingase zibekwe ezakhiweni eziyingqopha-mlando noma zihlanganiswe ngeziza ezimise ngendlela eyinqaba, ezisekelweni zebhokisi lesihlabathi.Ukuqhaqhazela noma ukuqhwayela ezilinganisweni eziyikota yemayela ukuphakama.Ngemva kwamakhulu amane eminyaka okwakhiwa nokucekelwa phansi, cishe yonke ibhulokhi iwuhlaka oluxakile lwesakhiwo nesitayela, futhi inkathi ngayinye inezinkinga zayo.Indlu yamakholoni yinhle kakhulu, kodwa intekenteke kakhulu.Ukhuni lwazo aluwomisiwe, ngakho-ke noma yimaphi amapulangwe okuqala azosonteka, abole noma aqhekeke.Amagobolondo ezindlu zasedolobheni ezingu-1,800 mahle kakhulu, kodwa akukho okunye.Izindonga zabo zingaba wugqinsi lwesitini esisodwa, nodaka lwakhukhulwa yimvula.Izakhiwo zangaphambi kwempi zazicishe zingangenwa izinhlamvu, kodwa imisele yazo yensimbi ewubunjiwe yayigcwele ukugqwala, namapayipi ethusi ayentekenteke futhi eqhekekile.“Uma wakha indlu eKansas, akumele ube nendaba nalokhu,” kusho u-Ellison.
Izakhiwo zaphakathi nekhulu leminyaka zingase zibe ezithembeke kakhulu, kodwa qaphela lezo ezakhiwa ngemva kuka-1970. Ukwakhiwa kwakumahhala kuma-80s.Abasebenzi kanye nezindawo zokusebenza zivame ukulawulwa ama-mafia."Uma ufuna ukuphumelela ukuhlolwa kwakho komsebenzi, umuntu uzofona ngocingo lomphakathi futhi uzokwehla nemvilophu engu-$250," kukhumbula u-Ellison.Isakhiwo esisha singase sibe sibi ngendlela efanayo.Efulethini likanokusho e-Gramercy Park eliphethwe nguKarl Lagerfeld, izindonga zangaphandle zivuza kakhulu, futhi ezinye izitezi ziyagegetheka njengama-chips amazambane.Kodwa ngokokuhlangenwe nakho kuka-Ellison, okubi kakhulu yi-Trump Tower.Efulethini ayelilungisile, amafasitela abhonga edlula, kwakungekho micu yesimo sezulu, futhi umjikelezo wawubonakala uhlanganiswe nezintambo zokunweba.Wangitshela ukuthi iphansi alilingani kakhulu, ungawisa ucezu lwemabula ulibuke liginqika.
Ukufunda amaphutha kanye nobuthakathaka benkathi ngayinye kuwumsebenzi wempilo yonke.Azikho iziqu zobudokotela ezakhiweni ezisezingeni eliphezulu.Ababazi abanawo amaribhoni aluhlaza.Lena indawo eseduze kakhulu e-United States kunhlangano yenkathi ephakathi, futhi ukuqeqeshwa kude futhi kuyinto evamile.U-Ellison ulinganisela ukuthi kuzothatha iminyaka engu-15 ukuba abe umbazi onekhono, futhi umsebenzi awenzayo uzothatha eminye iminyaka engu-15.“Iningi labantu alikuthandi.Kuyaxaka futhi kunzima kakhulu,” kusho yena.E-New York, ngisho nokubhidliza kuyikhono elihle kakhulu.Emadolobheni amaningi, abasebenzi bangasebenzisa ama-crowbars nama-sledgehammers ukuphonsa izinsalela emgqonyeni kadoti.Kodwa esakhiweni esigcwele abanikazi abacebile, abanokuqonda, izisebenzi kufanele zenze ukuhlinzwa.Noma yikuphi ukungcola noma umsindo kungenza ihholo ledolobha lishaye ucingo, futhi ipayipi eliphukile lingonakalisa iDegas.Ngakho-ke, izindonga kufanele zihlakazwe ngokucophelela, futhi izingcezu kufanele zifakwe ezitsheni ezigoqayo noma izigubhu ezingamalitha angama-55, zifafazwe ukuze kulungiswe uthuli, futhi zivalwe ngepulasitiki.Ukubhidliza nje ifulethi kungadla ingxenye eyodwa kwezintathu ye-US$1 million.
Ama-co-op amaningi namafulethi kanokusho anamathela “emithethweni yasehlobo.”Bavumela kuphela ukwakhiwa phakathi koSuku LweSikhumbuzo kanye Nosuku Lwabasebenzi, lapho umnikazi ephumule e-Tuscany noma e-Hampton.Lokhu kubhebhethekise izinselele ezivele zinkulu kakhulu zezokuthutha.Ayikho i-driveway, igceke elingemuva, noma indawo evulekile yokubeka izinto zokwakha.Imigwaqo emincane incane, izitebhisi zilufifi futhi zincane, kanti ikheshi ligcwele abantu abathathu.Kufana nokwakha umkhumbi ebhodleleni.Lapho iloli lifika nenqwaba yodonga, labhajwa ngemuva kweloli elihambayo.Ngokushesha, kwakhala isiminyaminya, kukhala izimpondo, namaphoyisa akhipha amathikithi.Umakhelwane wabe esefaka isikhalazo futhi iwebhusayithi yavalwa.Ngisho noma imvume ihlelekile, ikhodi yokwakha iyi-labyrinth yamaphaseji ahambayo.Kwaqhuma izakhiwo ezimbili e-East Harlem, okwabangela ukuhlolwa kwegesi okuqinile.Udonga oluvinjiwe e-Columbia University lwabhidlika lwabulala umfundi, kwaqala izinga elisha lodonga lwangaphandle.Umfana omncane wawa esuka esitezi samashumi amahlanu nantathu.Kusukela manje kuqhubeke, amafasitela awo wonke amafulethi anezingane awakwazi ukuvulwa ngaphezu kwamasentimitha amane nengxenye.“Kunesisho sakudala esithi amakhodi okwakha abhalwa ngegazi,” kusho u-Ellison kimi.“Ibuye ibhalwe ngezinhlamvu ezicasulayo.”Eminyakeni embalwa edlule, uCindy Crawford wayenamaqembu amaningi kakhulu futhi kwazalwa inkontileka entsha yomsindo.
Ngaso sonke lesi sikhathi, njengoba abasebenzi bezulazula ngezithiyo zedolobha, futhi njengoba kusondela ukuphela kwehlobo, abanikazi babuyekeza izinhlelo zabo zokwengeza inkimbinkimbi.Ngonyaka odlule, u-Ellison waqeda iminyaka emithathu, iphrojekthi yokulungiswa kwepenthouse engu-42 million US dollar 72nd Street.Leli fulethi linezitezi eziyisithupha kanye namamitha-skwele angama-20,000.Ngaphambi kokuthi ayiqede, kwakudingeka aklame futhi akhe ifenisha yangokwezifiso engaphezu kuka-50 kanye nemishini yemishini yayo-kusuka ku-TV ehoxiswayo ngaphezu kweziko elingaphandle kuya emnyango ovimbela izingane ezifana ne-origami.Inkampani yezohwebo ingathatha iminyaka ukuthuthukisa nokuhlola umkhiqizo ngamunye.U-Ellison unamaviki ambalwa.“Asinaso isikhathi sokwenza ama-prototypes,” kusho yena.“Laba bantu bafuna ngabomvu ukungena kule ndawo.Ngakho ngathola ithuba.Sakha i-prototype, base behlala kuyo. ”
U-Ellison nozakwabo u-Adam Marelli babehlala etafuleni le-plywood lesikhashana endlini yedolobha, bebuyekeza uhlelo losuku.U-Ellison uvamise ukusebenza njengosonkontileka ozimele futhi uqashwa ukuze akhe izingxenye ezithile zephrojekthi.Kodwa yena noMagneti Marelli basanda kuhlangana ukuze balawule wonke umsebenzi wokulungisa.U-Ellison unomthwalo wemfanelo wesakhiwo kanye nokuqedwa kwesakhiwo - izindonga, izitebhisi, amakhabethe, amathayili kanye nomsebenzi wezinkuni - kuyilapho uMarelli enesibopho sokuqondisa ukusebenza kwayo kwangaphakathi: amapayipi, ugesi, ama-sprinklers kanye nokukhipha umoya.UMarelli, 40, uthole ukuqeqeshwa njengeciko elivelele eNyuvesi yaseNew York.Wanikela ngesikhathi sakhe ekudwebeni, ekwakhiweni kwezakhiwo, ekuthwebuleni izithombe nasekuntwezani emanzini eLavalette, eNew Jersey.Ngezinwele zakhe ezinde ezigoqene ezinsundu kanye nesitayela sasedolobheni se-hip esizacile, ubonakala enguzakwethu ongajwayelekile ka-Ellison neqembu lakhe-idlozi phakathi kwama-bulldog.Kodwa wayezifela ngobuciko njengo-Ellison.Phakathi nomsebenzi wabo, bakhulume ngokukhululekile phakathi kwepulani namapulangwe angaphambili, i-Napoleonic Code kanye ne-stepwell yase-Rajasthan, kuyilapho bexoxa ngamathempeli aseJapane kanye nezakhiwo zezilimi zomdabu zamaGreki."Konke kumayelana nama-ellipses nezinombolo ezingenangqondo," kusho u-Ellison.“Lolu wulimi lomculo nezobuciko.Kufana nokuphila: akukho okuxazululwa uwedwa.”
Bekuyisonto lokuqala leli bebuyela endaweni yesigameko ngemuva kwezinyanga ezintathu.Ngesikhathi sokugcina ngabona u-Ellison ngasekupheleni kukaFebhuwari, lapho elwa nophahla lwasendlini yokugezela, futhi wayenethemba lokuqeda lo msebenzi ngaphambi kwehlobo.Khona-ke yonke into yashabalala kungazelelwe.Lapho ubhubhane luqala, kwakunezindawo zokwakha ezisebenzayo ezingama-40,000 eNew York—cishe inani lezindawo zokudlela eziphindwe kabili kuleli dolobha.Ekuqaleni, lezi zingosi zahlala zivulekile njengebhizinisi eliyisisekelo.Kwamanye amaphrojekthi anamacala aqinisekisiwe, abasebenzi abanakukhetha ngaphandle kokuya emsebenzini futhi bagibele ikheshi esitezi sama-20 noma ngaphezulu.Kuze kube sekupheleni kukaMashi, ngemuva kokubhikisha kwabasebenzi, lapho kwaze kwavalwa cishe u-90% wezindawo zokusebenza.Ngisho ungaphakathi, ungazizwa ungekho, njengokungathi awukho umsindo wethrafikhi kungazelelwe.Umsindo wezakhiwo ukhuphuka usuka phansi uwumsindo wedolobha—ukushaya kwenhliziyo kwalo.Kwase kuthuleke manje.
U-Ellison uchithe intwasahlobo eyedwa estudiyo sakhe eNewburgh, uhambo lwehora nje ukusuka e-Hudson River.Wenza izingxenye zendlu yedolobha futhi unaka kakhulu osonkontileka abancane bakhe.Izinkampani ezingama-33 seziphelele zihlela ukubamba iqhaza kulo msebenzi, kusukela kubakhi bezindlu nabakhi bezindlu kuya kubakhandi bensimbi nabakhiqizi bakakhonkolo.Akazi ukuthi bangaki abantu abazobuya e-quarantine.Umsebenzi wokulungisa uvamise ukusala ngemuva komnotho ngeminyaka emibili.Umnikazi uthola ibhonasi kaKhisimusi, aqashe umakhi nosonkontileka, bese elinda ukuthi kuqedwe imidwebo, kukhishwe izimvume, abasebenzi baphume enkingeni.Ngesikhathi ukwakhiwa kuqala, ngokuvamile kusuke sekwephuze kakhulu.Kepha manje njengoba izakhiwo zamahhovisi kulo lonke elaseManhattan zingenalutho, ibhodi lama-co-ops livimbele konke ukwakhiwa okusha ngekusasa elibonakalayo.U-Ellison uthe: "Abalifuni iqembu labasebenzi abangcolile elithwele uCovid ukuthi lihambe."
Lapho idolobha liqala kabusha ukwakhiwa ngo-June 8, labeka imingcele eqinile nezivumelwano, ezisekelwa inhlawulo yamaRandi ayizinkulungwane ezinhlanu.Abasebenzi kumele bathathe izinga lokushisa lomzimba wabo futhi baphendule imibuzo yezempilo, bagqoke imaski futhi bagcine ibanga labo-umbuso ubeka imingcele yezindawo zokwakha isisebenzi esisodwa ngamamitha-skwele angama-250.Indawo engu-7,000-square-foot efana nale ingahlalisa abantu abangafika ku-28 kuphela.Namuhla, kunabantu abayishumi nesikhombisa.Abanye abasebenzi basamanqikanqika ukuphuma endaweni okuvalelwa kuyo abantu."Abajoyini, abasebenza ngensimbi, nababazi abakha ama-veneer bonke bangakule nkambu," kusho u-Ellison.“Basesimweni esingcono kancane.Banebhizinisi labo futhi bavule isitudiyo eConnecticut. ”Encokola wababiza ngabahwebi abakhulu.UMarelli wahleka: “Labo abaneziqu zasekolishi esikoleni sobuciko ngokuvamile bazenza ngezicubu ezithambile.”Abanye balifulathele idolobha emasontweni ambalwa edlule."U-Iron Man ubuyele e-Ecuador," kusho u-Ellison."Uthe uzobuya emasontweni amabili, kodwa useGuayaquil futhi uhamba nonkosikazi wakhe."
Njengezisebenzi eziningi kuleli dolobha, izindlu zika-Ellison noMarelli zazigcwele izifiki zesizukulwane sokuqala: osebenza ngamapayipi baseRussia, abasebenza phansi baseHungary, abasebenza ngogesi baseGuyana, nabaqophi bamatshe baseBangladesh.Isizwe nezimboni zivame ukuhlangana.Lapho u-Ellison eqala ukuthuthela eNew York ngawo-1970, ababazi babonakala bengama-Irish.Base bebuyela ekhaya ngesikhathi sokuchuma kwe-Celtic Tigers futhi bathathelwa indawo amagagasi amaSerbia, ama-Albania, amaGuatemala, amaHonduran, amaColombia nama-Ecuador.Ungakwazi ukulandelela izingxabano nokuwa komhlaba ngokusebenzisa abantu ku-scaffolding e-New York.Abanye abantu beza lapha neziqu eziphakeme ezingabasizi ngalutho.Abanye babalekela ama-death squad, izinhlangano zezidakamizwa, noma ukuqubuka kwezifo kwangaphambilini: ikholera, i-Ebola, i-meningitis, i-yellow fever."Uma ufuna indawo yokusebenza ngezikhathi ezimbi, iNew York akuyona indawo embi," kusho uMarelli.“Awukho kuscaffolding yoqalo.Ngeke ushaywe noma ukhohliswe yizwe lobugebengu.Umuntu wase-Hispanic angakwazi ukuhlanganisa ngokuqondile neqembu laseNepalese.Uma ukwazi ukulandela umkhondo wokwakha, ungasebenza usuku lonke. ”
Le ntwasahlobo ihlukile kabi.Kodwa kunoma iyiphi inkathi, ukwakhiwa kuyibhizinisi eliyingozi.Naphezu kwemithetho ye-OSHA nokuhlolwa kokuphepha, abasebenzi abangu-1,000 e-United States basafa emsebenzini njalo ngonyaka-ngaphezu kwanoma iyiphi enye imboni.Babulawa ukushaqeka kukagesi namagesi aqhumayo, intuthu enobuthi, namapayipi esitimu aphukile;bancinwa ngamaforklift, imishini, futhi bagqitshwa emfucumfucwini;zawa ophahleni, imishayo, izitebhisi, kanye cranes.Izingozi eziningi zika-Ellison zenzeke ngesikhathi egibele ibhayisikili eya endaweni yesigameko.(Eyokuqala yaphuka isihlakala nezimbambo ezimbili; neyesibili yaphuka inqulu, neyesithathu yaphuka umhlathi namazinyo amabili.) Kodwa kukhona isibazi esiwugqinsi esandleni sayo sobunxele esacishe saphuka isandla.Wabona, wabona izingalo ezintathu zinqunywa lapho kusetshenzwa khona.Ngisho noMarelli, owayegcizelela kakhulu abaphathi, wacishe waphuphutheka eminyakeni embalwa edlule.Lapho izingcezu ezintathu zidubula futhi zibhoboza inhlamvu yeso lesokudla, wayemi eduze kwesisebenzi esasisika izipikili zensimbi ngesaha.Bekungolwesihlanu.NgoMgqibelo, ucele udokotela wamehlo ukuthi akhiphe udoti asuse nokugqwala.NgoMsombuluko, wabuyela emsebenzini.
Ngenye intambama ngasekupheleni kukaJulayi, ngahlangana no-Ellison noMarelli emgwaqweni olayini wezihlahla ekhoneni leMetropolitan Museum of Art e-Upper East Side.Sivakashele ifulethi lapho u-Ellison ayesebenza khona eminyakeni engu-17 edlule.Kunamakamelo ayishumi endlini yedolobha eyakhiwa ngo-1901, ephethwe usomabhizinisi kanye nomkhiqizi we-Broadway uJames Fantaci nomkakhe u-Anna.(Bayithengise cishe ngezigidi ezingu-20 zamadola aseMelika ngo-2015.) Kusukela emgwaqweni, isakhiwo sinesitayela sobuciko esiqinile, esinamagebhula e-limestone kanye nezinsimbi zensimbi ezikhandiwe.Kodwa lapho singena ngaphakathi, imigqa yayo elungisiwe iqala ukuthamba ibe yisitayela se-Art Nouveau, enezindonga nezingodo ezigobayo futhi ezigoqiwe ezisizungezile.Kufana nokungena kumnduze wamanzi.Umnyango wekamelo elikhulu umise okweqabunga eligoqekile, futhi kwakheka izitebhisi eziyisiyingi ezijikelezayo ngemva komnyango.U-Ellison usize ukusungula laba bobabili futhi waqinisekisa ukuthi bayahambisana namajika womunye nomunye.I-mantelpiece yenziwe ngama-cherries aqinile futhi isuselwe kumodeli eqoshwe umdwebi u-Angela Dirks.Indawo yokudlela inendawo yokulala eyingilazi enezinsimbi ezifakwe nge-nickel eziqoshwe u-Ellison kanye nemihlobiso yezimbali ze-tulip.Ngisho nendawo engaphansi kwewayini inophahla lwepulangwe elivalekile."Lesi yisona esiseduze kakhulu engake ngasondelana naye komuhle," kusho u-Ellison.
Eminyakeni eyikhulu edlule, ukwakha indlu enjalo eParis kwakudinga amakhono angavamile.Namuhla, kunzima kakhulu.Akukhona nje ukuthi lawo masiko obuciko acishe anyamalala, kodwa ngayo izinto eziningi ezinhle kakhulu-i-mahogany yaseSpain, i-Carpathian elm, imabula emhlophe ye-Thassos.Igumbi ngokwalo selilungiswe kabusha.Amabhokisi ayehlotshisiwe manje aseyimishini eyinkimbinkimbi.I-plaster iwungqimba oluncane lwe-gauze, olufihla igesi eningi, ugesi, imicu nezintambo ezikhanyayo, izinto ezihlola intuthu, izinzwa ezinyakazayo, amasistimu e-stereo namakhamera okuvikela, amarutha e-Wi-Fi, izinhlelo zokulawula isimo sezulu, ama-transformer, nezibani ezizenzakalelayo. .Nendlu yokufafaza.Umphumela uba ukuthi indlu iyinkimbinkimbi kangangokuthi kungase kudingeke izisebenzi zesikhathi esigcwele ukuyinakekela.“Angicabangi ukuthi ngike ngakhela ikhasimende elifanele ukuhlala lapho indlu,” kusho u-Ellison kimi.
Ukwakhiwa kwezindlu sekuphenduke insimu ye-obsessive-compulsive disorder.Ifulethi elifana naleli lingase lidinge izinketho eziningi kune-shuttle yasemkhathini—kusukela ekubunjweni nakwi-patina yehinji ngayinye nesibambo kuya endaweni ye-alamu yewindi ngalinye.Amanye amakhasimende ahlangabezana nokukhathala kwesinqumo.Abakwazi ukuzivumela banqume enye inzwa yesilawuli kude.Abanye baphikelela ekwenzeni konke ngendlela oyifisayo.Isikhathi eside, ama-granite slabs angabonakala yonke indawo kumakhawunta asekhishini asabalele emakhabetheni nasezinsizeni ezifana nesikhunta se-geological.Ukuze athwale isisindo sedwala futhi avimbele umnyango ukuthi ungadabuki, u-Ellison kwakudingeka ahlele kabusha zonke i-hardware.Efulethini eliku-20th Street, umnyango wangaphambili wawusinda kakhulu, futhi okuwukuphela kwehinge elalingawusekela wawusetshenziselwa ukubamba isitokisi.
Njengoba sidabula efulethini, u-Ellison wayelokhu evula amagumbi afihlekile - amaphaneli okufinyelela, amabhokisi okuphula ama-circuit breaker, amadrowa ayimfihlo namakhabethe emithi - ngalinye lifakwe ngobuhlakani ku-plaster noma ngokhuni.Uthe enye yezinto ezinzima kakhulu emsebenzini ukuthola indawo.Ikuphi into eyinkimbinkimbi kangaka?Izindlu zasemadolobheni zigcwele ama-voids alula.Uma isibambi somoya singalingani nosilingi, sicela usifake ku-attic noma ngaphansi.Kodwa amafulethi aseNew York awathetheleli kangako.“I-attic?Liyini i-attic?"Kusho uMarelli."Abantu bakuleli dolobha balwela isikhathi esingaphezu kwesigamu samasentimitha."Amakhulu amakhilomitha ezintambo namapayipi abekwa phakathi kukakhonkolo nezigxobo kulezi zindonga, ezithandele njengamabhodi esekethe.Ukubekezelelana akuhlukile kakhulu kulokho kwemboni ye-yacht.
“Kufana nokuxazulula inkinga enkulu,” kusho u-Angela Dex."Vele uthole ukuthi ungawaklama kanjani wonke amapayipi ngaphandle kokudiliza uphahla noma ukukhipha izingcezu ezihlanyayo - kuwukuhlukumeza."U-Dirks, 52, uqeqeshe e-Columbia University nase-Princeton University futhi ugxile ekwakhiweni kwezindlu zangaphakathi.Uthe emsebenzini wakhe weminyaka engu-25 wokuba umdwebi wamapulani, unezinhlelo ezine kuphela zalolu hlobo anganaka imininingwane.Ngesinye isikhathi, iklayenti laze lamlandelela emkhunjini wokuhamba ngasogwini lwase-Alaska.Uthe ngalolo suku kufakwa ithawula endlini yokugezela.Ingabe u-Dirks angagunyaza lezi zindawo?
Abanikazi abaningi abakwazi ukulinda ukulinda umakhi ukuze akhulule yonke i-kink ohlelweni lwamapayipi.Banezikweletu ezimbili zokuthi baqhubeke kuze kuqedwe ukulungisa.Namuhla, izindleko ngonyawo-skwele ngalunye lwamaphrojekthi ka-Ellison azivamile ukuba ngaphansi kuka-$1,500, futhi ngezinye izikhathi ziphakeme ngokuphindwe kabili.Ikhishi elisha liqala ku-150,000;indlu yokugezela eyinhloko ingagijima ngaphezulu.Uma ubude bephrojekthi buqhubeka, intengo ivame ukukhuphuka.“Angikaze ngilubone uhlelo olungakhiwa ngendlela ehlongozwayo,” kusho uMarelli."Kungenzeka ukuthi aziphelele, ziphikisana ne-physics, noma kunemidwebo engachazi ukuthi zingafeza kanjani izifiso zazo."Kwabe sekuqala umjikelezo ojwayelekile.Abanikazi babeka isabelomali, kodwa izidingo zeqa umthamo wabo.Abadwebi bezakhiwo bathembisa phezulu kakhulu futhi osonkontileka banikela ngokuphansi kakhulu, ngoba babazi ukuthi amapulani ayenomqondo omncane.Kwaqala ukwakhiwa, kwalandelwa inqwaba yemiyalelo yoshintsho.Uhlelo olwathatha unyaka futhi lwabiza inkulungwane yamadola ngonyawo lwesikwele ngasinye sobude bebhaluni kanye nenani eliphindwe kabili, wonke umuntu wasola wonke umuntu.Uma nje ihlehla ngeyesithathu, bayibiza yimpumelelo.
“Kuwuhlelo nje olungasile,” kusho u-Ellison kimi.“Wonke umdlalo ubekwe ngendlela yokuthi izinhloso zawo wonke umuntu zishayisane.Lokhu kuwumkhuba nomkhuba omubi.”Esikhathini esiningi somsebenzi wakhe, akazange enze izinqumo ezinkulu.Uyisibhamu esiqashiwe nje futhi usebenza ngenani lehora.Kodwa amanye amaphrojekthi ayinkimbinkimbi kakhulu ukuba angasebenza kancane.Zifana nezinjini zezimoto kunezindlu: kufanele zenziwe ungqimba ngongqimba ukusuka ngaphakathi kuye ngaphandle, futhi ingxenye ngayinye ifakwe ngokunembile kokulandelayo.Lapho ungqimba lokugcina lodaka kubekwa, amapayipi nezintambo ngaphansi kwalo kufanele kube flat ngokuphelele futhi perpendicular ukuba ngaphakathi 16 amayintshi ngaphezu 10 izinyawo.Kodwa-ke, imboni ngayinye inokubekezelela okuhlukile: umgomo womkhandi wensimbi uwukuba unembe kuze kube uhhafu we-intshi, ukunemba kombazi kuyi-intshi eyodwa kwekota, ukunemba kwe-sheeter kuyingxenye yesishiyagalombili yeyintshi, futhi ukunemba komkhandi wamatshe kuyingxenye yesishiyagalombili ye-intshi. intshi.Eyeshumi nesithupha.Umsebenzi ka-Ellison wukugcina wonke ekhasini elilodwa.
U-Dirks ukhumbula ukuthi wangena kuye ngolunye usuku ngemva kokuba ethathwe ukuze aqondise umsebenzi.Ifulethi lalidiliziwe ngokuphelele, futhi wachitha isonto endaweni ebhidlikile yedwa.Wathatha izilinganiso, wendlala umugqa omaphakathi, futhi wabona ngeso lengqondo yonke into, isokhethi namaphaneli.Udwebe amakhulu emidwebo ngesandla ephepheni legrafu, wahlukanisa amaphuzu ezinkinga futhi wachaza indlela yokuwalungisa.Amafreyimu nezinsimbi zezicabha, isakhiwo sensimbi esizungeze izitebhisi, iminyango efihlwe ngemva kwesibuko somqhele, namakhethini kagesi afakwe emaphaketheni amafasitela konke kunezingxenye ezincane eziphambanayo, zonke zihlanganiswe embhobhweni omkhulu omnyama wendandatho.“Yingakho wonke umuntu efuna uMark noma umlandeli kaMark,” kusho uDex kimi.“Lo mbhalo uthi, 'Angazi nje kuphela ukuthi kwenzekani lapha, kodwa nokuthi kwenzekani kuzo zonke izindawo nakuzo zonke izinqubo.'
Imiphumela yazo zonke lezi zinhlelo igqame kakhulu kunokubonwa.Isibonelo, ekhishini nasendlini yokugezela, izindonga naphansi azibonakali, kodwa ngandlela-thile ziphelele.Kuphela ngemva kokuba uwagqolozele isikhathi esithile lapho wathola khona isizathu: wonke uthayela kuyo yonke imigqa uphelele;awekho amajoyinti angama-clumsy noma imingcele encishisiwe.U-Ellison ucabangele lobu bukhulu bokugcina obunembe lapho akha igumbi.Alikho ithayela okufanele lisikwe.“Lapho ngingena, ngikhumbula uMark ehlezi lapho,” kusho uDex.“Ngambuza ukuthi wenzani, wangibheka wathi, ‘Ngicabanga ukuthi sengiqedile.Kuyigobolondo elingenalutho, kodwa konke kusemqondweni kaMark.”
Umuzi ka-Ellison ubhekene nesikhungo samakhemikhali esilahliwe enkabeni yeNewburgh.Yakhiwa ngo-1849 njengesikole sabafana.Kuyibhokisi lezitini elivamile, elibheke eceleni komgwaqo, elinompheme wokhuni odilikayo ngaphambili.Ngezansi kunestudio sika-Ellison, lapho abafana babefundela khona umsebenzi wensimbi nokubaza.Phezulu kunefulethi lakhe, indawo ende, efana nesibaya egcwele iziginci, izikhulisamazwi, izitho ze-Hammond nezinye izinto zebhendi.Okulenga odongeni umsebenzi wobuciko awubolekwa umama wakhe—ikakhulukazi umbono okude woMfula i-Hudson kanye nemidwebo ethile yezithombe ezinemibala evela empilweni yakhe yama-samurai, okuhlanganisa neqhawe elinquma isitha salo.Phakathi neminyaka edlule, lesi sakhiwo sasihlala abantu abasafufusa nezinja ezilahlekile.Yavuselelwa ngo-2016, ngaphambi nje kokuba u-Ellison athuthe, kodwa indawo yakubo isenzima.Eminyakeni emibili edlule, kube nezigameko zokubulala ezine ezigcemeni ezimbili.
U-Ellison unezindawo ezingcono: i-townhouse e-Brooklyn;indlu yama-Victori enamagumbi ayisithupha ayibuyisela eStaten Island;indlu yasepulazini emfuleni i-Hudson.Kodwa isehlukaniso samletha lapha, ohlangothini lwekhola eluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka yomfula, ngaphesheya kwebhuloho nomkakhe wangaphambili eBeacon esezingeni eliphezulu, lolu shintsho lwabonakala luvumelana naye.Ufunda uLindy Hop, edlala eqenjini le-honky tonk, nokuxhumana namaciko nabakhi abahlukile noma abampofu kakhulu ukuba bangahlala eNew York.NgoJanuwari nyakenye, isiteshi esidala sezicishamlilo esingamabhuloki ambalwa ukusuka kwa-Ellison sadayiswa.Izinkulungwane ezingamakhulu ayisithupha, ukudla akutholakalanga, futhi intengo yehla yaba izinkulungwane ezingamakhulu amahlanu, waququda amazinyo.Ucabanga ukuthi ngokulungiswa kancane, lena kungaba yindawo enhle yokuthatha umhlalaphansi.“Ngiyayithanda iNewburgh,” wangitshela lapho ngimvakashele.“Kukhona izimanga yonke indawo.Ayikafiki-iyaqala.”
Ngolunye usuku ekuseni ngemva kokudla kwasekuseni, sama esitolo sezinto zokwakha ukuze sithenge ama-blade esaha letafula lakhe.U-Ellison uthanda ukugcina amathuluzi akhe elula futhi eguquguqukayo.Isitudiyo sakhe sinesitayela se-steampunk-cishe kodwa asifani ncamashi nezitudiyo zama-1840s-futhi impilo yakhe yezenhlalo inamandla axubile afanayo.“Ngemva kweminyaka eminingi kangaka, sengikwazi ukukhuluma izilimi ezingu-17 ezihlukene,” wangitshela.“Yimina umgayi.Ngingumngani wengilazi.Ngiyindoda yetshe.Ngingunjiniyela.Ubuhle bale nto ukuthi uqale umbe umgodi emhlabathini, bese upholisha ingxenye yethusi yokugcina nge-sandpaper eyizinkulungwane eziyisithupha.Kimina, konke kuhamba kahle.”
Njengomfana owakhulela ePittsburgh maphakathi nawo-1960s, wathatha izifundo zokucwiliswa ekuguquleni amakhodi.Kwakungenkathi yedolobha lensimbi, futhi amafekthri ayegcwele amaGreki, amaNtaliyane, amaScots, ama-Irish, amaJalimane, abantu baseMpumalanga Yurophu, nabamnyama baseningizimu, abathuthela enyakatho ngesikhathi sokuFuduka Okukhulu.Basebenza ndawonye ezithandweni ezivulekile neziqhumayo, bese bebhekisa amabombo echibini labo ngoLwesihlanu ebusuku.Kwakuyidolobha elingcolile, elinqunu, futhi kwakunezinhlanzi eziningi ezazintanta esiswini eMfuleni iMonongahela, futhi u-Ellison wacabanga ukuthi yilokhu kanye okwenziwa inhlanzi.“Iphunga lomsizi, umusi, namafutha—lelo yiphunga lobuntwana bami,” wangitshela.“Ungashayela uye emfuleni ebusuku, lapho kukhona izigayo zensimbi ezingamakhilomitha ambalwa ezingayeki ukusebenza.Ziyavutha zijikijele izinhlansi nentuthu emoyeni.Lezi zilo ezinkulu zidla wonke umuntu, abazi nje.”
Indlu yakhe iphakathi kwezinhlangothi zombili zamasimu asemadolobheni, emgqeni obomvu phakathi kwemiphakathi yabamnyama nabamhlophe, ukhuphuka nokwehla.Uyise wayeyisazi sezokuhlalisana kwabantu futhi owayengumfundisi-ngenkathi uReinhold Niebuhr ekhona, wafunda e-United Theological Seminary.Unina waya esikoleni sezokwelapha futhi waqeqeshwa njengodokotela wezinzwa zezingane ngenkathi ekhulisa izingane ezine.UMark ungowesibili omncane.Ekuseni, waya esikoleni sokuhlola esivulwe yiNyuvesi yasePittsburgh, lapho kunamakilasi ajwayelekile kanye nothisha abangama-hippie.Ntambama, yena noquqaba lwezingane babegibele amabhayisikili ahlalisa ubhanana, benyathela amasondo, begxuma bephuma eceleni komgwaqo, futhi bedlula ezindaweni ezivulekile nezihlahla, njengoswebezane lwezimpukane ezilumayo.Njalo ngezikhathi ezithile, wayegetshengwa noma aphonswe othangweni.Noma kunjalo, kuseyizulu.
Lapho sibuyela endlini yakhe sivela esitolo sezinto zokwakha, wangidlalela ingoma ayibhala ngemva kohambo lwakamuva oluya endaweni endala.Uyaqala ngqa ukuba khona cishe eminyakeni engamashumi amahlanu.Ukucula kuka-Ellison kuyinto yakudala futhi exakile, kodwa amazwi akhe angaphumuza futhi athambile."Kuthatha iminyaka eyishumi nesishiyagalombili ukuthi umuntu akhule / eminye iminyaka embalwa ukuze azwakale kahle," ecula."Vumela idolobha lithuthuke iminyaka eyikhulu / lidilize ngosuku olulodwa nje / okokugcina ngisuka ePittsburgh / bakha idolobha lapho lelo dolobha lalivame ukuba khona / abanye abantu bangathola indlela yabo yokubuyela emuva / kodwa hhayi mina."
Lapho eneminyaka eyishumi ubudala, unina wayehlala e-Albany, okuyiyona ndlela yasePittsburgh.U-Ellison wachitha iminyaka emine eyalandela esikoleni sendawo, “ngokuyisisekelo ukuze enze isiwula siphumelele.”Wabe esezwa olunye uhlobo lobuhlungu esikoleni esiphakeme sasePhillips College e-Andover, Massachusetts.Ngokwenhlalo, kwakuyinkundla yokuqeqesha amadoda aseMelika: uJohn F. Kennedy (Omncane.) wayekhona ngaleso sikhathi.Ngokwengqondo, iqinile, kodwa futhi ifihliwe.U-Ellison ubelokhu engumuntu ocabangayo.Angachitha amahora ambalwa ukuze abone ithonya likazibuthe womhlaba emaphethini okundiza ezinyoni, kodwa amafomula ahlanzekile awavamile ukungena enkingeni.“Kusobala ukuthi angiyena owalapha,” esho.
Wafunda ukukhuluma nabantu abacebile-leli yikhono eliwusizo.Futhi, nakuba athatha ikhefu ngesikhathi sikaHoward Johnson sikamshini wokuwasha izitsha, isitshalo sezihlahla saseGeorgia, abasebenzi base-Arizona zoo, kanye nombazi waseBoston oqeqeshelwa umsebenzi, ukwazile ukungena onyakeni wakhe omkhulu.Noma kunjalo, waphothula ihora elilodwa nje lesikweletu.Kunoma yikuphi, lapho iNyuvesi yaseColumbia imamukela, wayeka ngemva kwamasonto ayisithupha, ebona ukuthi kwakungaphezu kwalokho.Wathola ifulethi elishibhile eHarlem, wafaka izimpawu ze-mimeograph, wanikeza amathuba okwakha ama-attic namabhokisi ezincwadi, futhi wathola itoho ukuze avale lesi sikhala.Lapho izingane afunda nazo seziba abameli, abadayisi nabahwebi be-hedge fund—abantu ayezoba amakhasimende akhe—wehlisa iloli, wafunda i-banjo, wasebenza esitolo sokuhlanganisa izincwadi, wakha u-ayisikhilimu, futhi kancane kancane wakwazi ukwenza okuthile.Imigqa eqondile ilula, kodwa amajika anzima.
U-Ellison ubelokhu ekulo msebenzi isikhathi eside, ukuze amakhono akhe abe yimvelo yesibili kuye.Bangenza amakhono akhe abukeke eyinqaba futhi ewubudedengu.Ngolunye usuku, ngabona isibonelo esihle eNewburgh, lapho akha izitebhisi zendlu yasedolobheni.Izitebhisi iphrojekthi ka-Ellison eyisakhiwo sodumo.Ziyizakhiwo eziyinkimbinkimbi kakhulu ezindlini eziningi—kumelwe zime ngokuzimela futhi zihambe emkhathini—ngisho namaphutha amancane angabangela ukunqwabelana okuyinhlekelele.Uma isinyathelo ngasinye siphansi kakhulu amasekhondi angu-30, izitebhisi zingaba ngamayintshi angu-3 ngaphansi kweplathifomu ephezulu kakhulu.“Izitebhisi ezingalungile ngokusobala azilungile,” kusho uMarelli.
Nokho, izitebhisi zibuye zenzelwe ukudonsela ukunaka kwabantu kubo.Endlini enkulu efana neBreaker, indlu yasehlobo yombhangqwana waseVanderbilt eNewport yakhiwa ngo-1895, futhi izitebhisi zifana nekhethini.Lapho nje izivakashi zifika, amehlo azo asuka ehholo aya kunkosikazi ebukekayo egqoke ingubo emsamo.Izinyathelo beziphansi ngamabomu amayintshi ayisithupha ukuphakama esikhundleni samayintshi ayisikhombisa nohhafu ajwayelekile-ukuze amvumele kangcono ukuthi ashele phansi ngaphandle kwamandla adonsela phansi ukuze ajoyine iqembu.
Umakhi wezakhiwo uSantiago Calatrava wake wabhekisela ezitebhisini ezakhelwe u-Ellison njengomsebenzi wobuciko.Lona akazange ahlangabezane nalelo zinga—u-Ellison waqiniseka kwasekuqaleni ukuthi kwakufanele aklanywe kabusha.Imidwebo idinga ukuthi isinyathelo ngasinye senziwe ngocezu olulodwa lwensimbi ene-perforated, egobile ukwenza isinyathelo.Kodwa ubukhulu bensimbi bungaphansi kwengxenye ye-intshi eyodwa kweziyisishiyagalombili, futhi cishe ingxenye yayo iyimbobo.U-Ellison wabala ukuthi uma abantu abambalwa bekhuphuka izitebhisi ngesikhathi esisodwa, zaziyogoba njengesaha.Ukwenza izinto zibe zimbi nakakhulu, insimbi izokhiqiza ukuphuka kokucindezeleka kanye nemiphetho eqinile eduze kwe-perforation."Ngokuyisisekelo iba i-cheese grater yomuntu," esho.Yilokho icala elingcono kakhulu.Uma umnikazi olandelayo enquma ukuhambisa upiyano olukhulu phezulu, sonke isakhiwo singadilika.
U-Ellison uthe: “Abantu bangikhokhela imali eningi ukuze bangenze ngikuqonde lokhu.”Kodwa okunye akulula kangako.Ingxenye yesine ye-intshi yensimbi iqine ngokwanele, kodwa lapho egoba, insimbi isakhala.Ngakho u-Ellison waqhubeka nesinyathelo esisodwa.Waqhumisa insimbi nge-blowtorch yaze yakhazimula okusawolintshi okumnyama, wabe eseyiyeka iphole kancane.Le nqubo, ebizwa ngokuthi i-annealing, ihlela kabusha ama-athomu futhi ixegise izibopho zawo, yenze insimbi ibe i-ductile.Wathi ephinda egoba insimbi, akuzange kudabuke.
Ama-stringers aphakamisa izinhlobo ezahlukene zemibuzo.Lawa amabhodi okhuni ahlangene nezinyathelo.Emidwebeni, zenziwe ngokhuni lwe-poplar futhi zisontekile njengamaribhoni angenamthungo ukusuka phansi kuya phansi.Kodwa kanjani ukusika i-slab ibe ijika?Amarutha nezakhiwo zingawuqeda lo msebenzi, kodwa kuthatha isikhathi eside.I-shape elawulwa ngekhompiyutha ingasebenza, kodwa entsha izobiza amaRandi ayizinkulungwane ezintathu.U-Ellison wanquma ukusebenzisa isaha letafula, kodwa kwaba khona inkinga: isaha letafula alikwazanga ukusika amajika.I-blade yayo ejikelezayo eyisicaba iklanyelwe ukusika ngokuqondile ebhodini.Ingatshekiswa kwesokunxele noma kwesokudla ukuze usike ama-angled, kodwa akukho okunye.
“Lena ngenye yethi 'ningazami lokhu ekhaya, zingane!'into,” kusho yena.Wama eduze kwesaha letafula futhi wabonisa umakhelwane wakhe nowayengumfundi uCaine Budelman ukuthi lokhu kwenziwa kanjani.U-Budman uneminyaka engu-41 ubudala: isisebenzi sensimbi saseBrithani esikhokhelwayo, indoda eblond egqoke ibhande, ukuziphatha okuxekethile, ukuziphatha kwezemidlalo.Ngemva kokushisa imbobo onyaweni lwakhe ngebhola le-aluminium encibilikisiwe, washiya umsebenzi wokuphonsa e-Rock Tavern eseduze futhi waklama umsebenzi wokhuni ukuze uthole amakhono aphephile.U-Ellison wayengaqiniseki kangako.Ubaba wakhe wayephulwe iminwe eyisithupha isaha-kathathu kabili.“Abantu abaningi bazophatha okokuqala njengesifundo,” kusho yena.
U-Ellison wachaza ukuthi iqhinga lokusika amajika ngesaha letafula ukusebenzisa isaha elingalungile.Wathatha ipulangwe lika-poplar enqwabeni ebhentshini.Akazange ayibeke phambi kwamazinyo asaha njengababazi abaningi, kodwa wayibeka eduze kwamazinyo asaha.Khona-ke, ebuka uBudelman owayedidekile, wadedela incezu eyindilinga, wabe esephushela ibhodi eceleni ngokuthula.Ngemva kwemizuzwana embalwa, ukwakheka okubushelelezi kwengxenye yenyanga kwaqoshwa ebhodini.
Manje u-Ellison wayesemseleni, ephusha ipulangwe ngesaha kaningi, amehlo akhe evaleleke ekugxileni futhi eqhubekela phambili, inkeba yazungeza amayintshi ambalwa esandleni sakhe.Emsebenzini, wayelokhu etshela Budelman anecdotes, ukulandisa nezincazelo.Wangitshela ukuthi into ka-Ellison yokubaza eyintandokazi yindlela elawula ngayo ubuhlakani bomzimba.Eseyingane ebuka iPirates eThree Rivers Stadium, wake wamangala ukuthi uRoberto Clemente wayazi kanjani ukuthi ibhola ulindizela kuphi.Ubonakala ebala i-arc enembile kanye nokusheshisa ngesikhathi ishiya ilulwane.Akukhona kakhulu ukuhlaziya okuqondile njengoba kuyinkumbulo yemisipha.“Umzimba wakho uyazi kuphela ukuthi kwenziwa kanjani,” kusho yena."Iyasiqonda isisindo, ama-levers, nesikhala ngendlela ubuchopho bakho obudinga ngayo ukuthola kuze kube phakade."Lokhu kufana nokutshela u-Ellison ukuthi kufanele alibeke kuphi ishizolo noma ukuthi kufanele kusikwe enye imilimitha yokhuni.“Ngiyamazi lo mbazi okuthiwa uSteve Allen,” esho.“Ngolunye usuku, waphendukela kimi wathi, ‘Angiqondi.Uma ngenza lo msebenzi, kufanele ngigxilise ingqondo futhi ukhuluma umbhedo usuku lonke.Imfihlo iwukuthi, angicabangi kanjalo.Ngiqhamuke neNdlela ethize, bese ngiqeda ukuyicabanga.Angisawuhluphi ubuchopho bami.”
Uvumile ukuthi lena bekuyindlela ewubuphukuphuku yokwakha izitebhisi, futhi uhlele ukuthi angaphinde akwenze.“Angifuni ukubizwa ngensizwa enezitezi.”Kodwa-ke, uma kwenziwa kahle, kuzoba nezakhi zemilingo azithandayo.Izintambo nezitebhisi zizopendiwa zibe mhlophe ngaphandle kwemithungo noma izikulufu ezibonakalayo.Izindawo zokuphumula zizogcotshwa nge-oki.Lapho ilanga lidlula ukukhanya kwesibhakabhaka ngaphezu kwezitebhisi, lizodubula izinaliti ezikhanyayo emigodini yezinyathelo.Izitebhisi zibonakala zingenanyama esikhaleni.“Lena akusiyo indlu okufanele uthele kuyo imuncu,” kusho u-Ellison.“Wonke umuntu uyabheja ukuthi inja yomnikazi wayo izoyinyathela yini.Ngoba izinja zihlakaniphile kunabantu.”
Uma u-Ellison engenza enye iphrojekthi ngaphambi kokuthatha umhlalaphansi, kungase kube yindlu yokugezela esiyivakashele ngo-Okthoba.Ingenye yezindawo ezinkulu zokugcina ezingafunwanga eNew York, futhi ingesinye sezakuqala: isiqongo seWoolworth Building.Lapho ivulwa ngo-1913, iWoolworth yayiyibhilidi elide kunawo wonke emhlabeni.Kungase kube yinhle kakhulu.Idizayinelwe umakhi uCass Gilbert, imbozwe nge-terracotta emhlophe ecwebezelayo, ehlotshiswe ngamakhothamo e-neo-gothic nemihlobiso yamafasitela, futhi imi cishe ngamamitha angu-800 ngaphezu kwe-Lower Manhattan.Isikhala esisivakashele sithatha izitezi ezinhlanu zokuqala, kusukela ethafeni elingaphezu kwendawo yokugcina yokuhlehla yesakhiwo kuya endaweni yokubuka umsinga.I-Developer Alchemy Properties iyibiza ngokuthi i-Pinnacle.
U-Ellison wezwa ngakho okokuqala ngonyaka odlule kuDavid Horsen.UDavid Horsen ungumdwebi wezakhiwo avame ukusebenzisana naye.Ngemuva kokuthi omunye umklamo ka-Thierry Despont uhlulekile ukuheha abathengi, u-Hotson waqashwa ukuze enze izinhlelo ezithile namamodeli e-3D e-Pinnacle.KuHotson, inkinga isobala.U-Despont wake wacabanga ngendlu yedolobha esibhakabhakeni, enephansi le-parquet, ama-chandeliers nemitapo yolwazi efakwe ngamapulangwe.Amakamelo mahle kodwa ayisicefe - angaba kunoma yisiphi isakhiwo, hhayi isihloko salesi sakhiwo esimangalisayo, esingamamitha ayikhulu ubude.Ngakho uHotson wawaqhumisa.Emidwebeni yakhe, isitezi ngasinye siholela esitezi esilandelayo, sikhuphukela phezulu ochungechungeni lwezitebhisi ezinhle kakhulu."Kufanele kubangele ukuvunguza njalo uma ikhuphukela kuzo zonke izitezi," kusho uHotson.“Uma ubuyela e-Broadway, ngeke uze ukuqonde osanda kukubona.”
UHotson oneminyaka engu-61 ubudala uzacile futhi une-angular njengezikhala aziklamile, futhi uvame ukugqoka izingubo ezifanayo ze-monochrome: izinwele ezimhlophe, ihembe elimpunga, ibhulukwe elimpunga, nezicathulo ezimnyama.Lapho ecula e-Pinnacle kanye nami no-Ellison, wayebonakala esathukile ngenxa yalokho okungenzeka—njengombhidi womculo we-chamber owawina indondo ye-New York Philharmonic.Ikheshi yasiyisa ehholo elizimele esitezi samashumi amahlanu, kwase kuba nezitebhisi eziya ekamelweni elikhulu.Emabhilidini amaningi esimanjemanje, ingxenye eyinhloko yamakheshi nezitebhisi izokwenyukela phezulu futhi ithathe iningi laphansi.Kodwa leli gumbi livuliwe ngokuphelele.Uphahla luyizitezi ezimbili ukuphakama;imibono ye-arched yedolobha inganconywa kusukela emafasiteleni.Ungabona iPalisades neThrogs Neck Bridge enyakatho, iSandy Hook eningizimu kanye nogu lwaseGalile, eNew Jersey.Yindawo emhlophe egqamile enemishayo yensimbi eminingana enqamula kuyo, kodwa isamangalisa.
Empumalanga ngezansi kwethu, singabona uphahla lwamathayela aluhlaza wephrojekthi kaHotson no-Ellison yangaphambilini.Ibizwa ngokuthi i-House of the Sky, futhi iyindlu ewumpheme enezitezi ezine esakhiweni esiphakeme saseRoma esakhelwe ummemezeli wenkolo ngo-1895. Ingelosi enkulu yayiqaphe kuwo wonke amagumbi.Ngo-2007, lapho lesi sikhala sithengiswa ngezigidi ezingu-6.5 zamaRandi—irekhodi lesifunda sezimali ngaleso sikhathi—kwase kungamashumi eminyaka singenamuntu.Cishe awekho amapayipi noma ugesi, kuphela ezinye izigcawu ezishuthelwe “Inside Man” ka-Spike Lee kanye neka-Charlie Kaufman ethi “Synecdoche in New York.”Ifulethi eliklanywe nguHotson liyindawo yokudlala yabantu abadala kanye nesithombe esibaziwe esicwazimulayo-indawo efudumele yokufudumala kwePinnacle.Ngo-2015, ukwakhiwa kwangaphakathi kukalwe njengefulethi elihle kakhulu kule minyaka eyishumi.
I-Sky House ayiyona neze inqwaba yamabhokisi.Igcwele isikhala sokuhlukanisa kanye ne-refraction, njengokungathi uhamba ngedayimane.“UDavid, ecula ukufa kukanxande ngendlela yakhe ecasulayo yaseYale,” kusho u-Ellison kimi.Nokho, leli fulethi alizizwa limnandi njengoba linjalo, kodwa ligcwele amahlaya amancane nezimanga.Isitezi esimhlophe sivumela amaphaneli engilazi lapha nalaphaya, akuvumela ukuthi uphume emoyeni.Insimbi yensimbi esekela usilingi wegumbi lokuphumula iphinde ibe isigxobo sokugibela esinamabhande okuphepha, futhi izivakashi zingehla ngezintambo.Kunemigudu efihlwe ngemuva kwezindonga zegumbi lokulala eliyinhloko negumbi lokugezela, ukuze ikati lomnikazi likwazi ukukhasa bese likhipha ikhanda embotsheni encane.Zonke izitezi ezine zixhunywe isilayidi esikhulu seshubhu esenziwe ngensimbi engagqwali yaseJalimane ephucuziwe.Phezulu, kunikezwa ingubo ye-cashmere ukuze kuqinisekiswe ukugibela okusheshayo, okungenazintambo.
Isikhathi sokuthumela: Sep-09-2021