Ngezinye izikhathi imifantu idinga ukulungiswa, kodwa kunezinketho eziningi, siklama kanjani futhi sikhethe inketho yokulungisa engcono kakhulu?Lokhu akunzima njengoba ucabanga.
Ngemva kokuphenya imifantu nokunquma izinhloso zokulungisa, ukuklama noma ukukhetha izinto ezingcono kakhulu zokulungisa nezinqubo kulula kakhulu.Lesi sifinyezo sezinketho zokulungisa imifantu sihilela izinqubo ezilandelayo: ukuhlanza nokugcwalisa, ukuthulula nokufaka uphawu / ukugcwalisa, umjovo we-epoxy kanye ne-polyurethane, ukuziphilisa, kanye "nokungalungiswa".
Njengoba kuchazwe ku "Ingxenye 1: Indlela yokuhlola nokuxazulula inkinga yokuqhekeka kukakhonkolo", ukuphenya imifantu nokuthola imbangela yokuqhekeka kuyisihluthulelo sokukhetha uhlelo oluhle kakhulu lokulungisa ukuqhekeka.Ngamafuphi, izinto ezibalulekile ezidingekayo ukuze uklame ukulungisa kahle ukuqhekeka ububanzi obujwayelekile bokuqhekeka (okuhlanganisa ubuncane nobubanzi obukhulu) kanye nokunquma ukuthi ukuqhekeka kuyasebenza noma kuthule.Yebo, umgomo wokulungisa imifantu ibaluleke njengokulinganisa ububanzi bokuqhekeka nokunquma ukuthi kungenzeka yini ukunyakaza kokuqhekeka esikhathini esizayo.
Imifantu esebenzayo iyanyakaza futhi iyakhula.Izibonelo zifaka imifantu edalwe ukuwohloka okuqhubekayo komhlabathi noma ukuqhekeka okuwukuncipha/ukunwebeka kwamalungu noma izakhiwo zikakhonkolo.Imifantu elele izinzile futhi akulindelekile ukuthi ishintshe esikhathini esizayo.Ngokuvamile, ukuqhekeka okubangelwa ukuncipha kokhonkolo kuzosebenza kakhulu ekuqaleni, kodwa njengoba umswakama wekhonkrithi uzinza, ekugcineni uzozinza futhi ungene esimweni sokulala.Ukwengeza, uma imigoqo yensimbi eyanele (ama-reba, amafayibha ensimbi, noma imicu yokwenziwa ye-macroscopic) idlula emifantwini, ukunyakaza okuzayo kuzolawulwa futhi imifantu ingase ibhekwe njengesesimweni esithule.
Ukuze uthole imifantu ethule, sebenzisa izinto zokulungisa eziqinile noma eziguquguqukayo.Imifantu esebenzayo idinga izinto zokulungisa eziguquguqukayo kanye nokucatshangelwa komklamo okhethekile ukuze kuvunyelwe ukunyakaza kwesikhathi esizayo.Ukusetshenziswa kwezinto eziqinile zokulungisa imifantu esebenzayo ngokuvamile kubangela ukuqhekeka kwezinto zokulungisa kanye/noma ukhonkolo oseduze.
Isithombe 1. Ukusebenzisa izixube zethiphu yenaliti (No. 14, 15 kanye ne-18), izinto zokulungisa i-viscosity ephansi zingajovwa kalula emifantwini yezinwele ngaphandle kwezintambo Kelton Glewwe, Roadware, Inc.
Yiqiniso, kubalulekile ukucacisa imbangela yokuqhekeka futhi unqume ukuthi ukuqhekeka kubalulekile yini ngesakhiwo.Imifantu ekhombisa ukuthi kungenzeka ukuklama, imininingwane, noma amaphutha okwakha kungabangela abantu ukuba bakhathazeke mayelana namandla okuthwala umthwalo nokuphepha kwesakhiwo.Lezi zinhlobo zokuqhekeka zingabaluleka ngokwesakhiwo.Ukuqhekeka kungase kubangelwe umthwalo, noma kungase kuhlotshaniswe noshintsho lwevolumu yendalo kakhonkolo, njengokushwabana okomile, ukunwetshwa kokushisa nokuncipha, futhi kungase kubonakale noma kungabonakali.Ngaphambi kokukhetha inketho yokulungisa, thola imbangela futhi ucabange ukubaluleka kokuqhekeka.
Ukulungisa imifantu edalwe idizayini, idizayini yemininingwane, namaphutha okwakha kungaphezu kobubanzi besihloko esilula.Lesi simo ngokuvamile sidinga ukuhlaziywa kwesakhiwo esibanzi futhi singadinga ukulungiswa okukhethekile kokuqinisa.
Ukubuyisela ukuzinza kwesakhiwo noma ubuqotho bezingxenye zikakhonkolo, ukuvimbela ukuvuza noma ukuvala amanzi nezinye izinto eziyingozi (njengamakhemikhali e-deicing), ukuhlinzeka ngosekelo lwe-crack edge, nokuthuthukisa ukubukeka kwemifantu kuyimigomo yokulungisa evamile.Ngokucatshangelwa lezi zinhloso, ukunakekelwa kungahlukaniswa ngokwezigaba ezintathu:
Ngokuduma kukakhonkolo oveziwe kanye nokhonkolo wokwakha, isidingo sokulungisa imifantu yezimonyo siyanda.Kwesinye isikhathi ukulungiswa kobuqotho kanye nokuvala uphawu/ukugcwalisa kudinga ukulungiswa kokubukeka.Ngaphambi kokukhetha ubuchwepheshe bokukhanda, kufanele sicacise umgomo wokukhanda imifantu.
Ngaphambi kokuklama ukulungisa ukuqhekeka noma ukukhetha inqubo yokulungisa, imibuzo emine ebalulekile kufanele iphendulwe.Uma usuphendule le mibuzo, ungakhetha kalula inketho yokulungisa.
Isithombe 2. Ukusebenzisa i-scotch tape, izimbobo zokubhoboza, kanye neshubhu yokuxuba ikhanda lenjoloba elixhunywe kwisibhamu esiphathwa ngesandla se-dual-barrel, impahla yokulungisa ingajovwa emifantwini yemigqa emihle ngaphansi kwengcindezi ephansi.Kelton Glewwe, Roadware, Inc.
Le nqubo elula isithandwa kakhulu, ikakhulukazi ukulungiswa kohlobo lwesakhiwo, ngoba izinto zokulungisa ezine-viscosity ephansi kakhulu seziyatholakala.Njengoba lezi zinto zokulungisa zingageleza kalula emifantwini emincane kakhulu ngokudonsela phansi, asikho isidingo sokufakwa kwezintambo (okungukuthi faka isikwele noma indawo yokugcina amanzi emise okwe-V).Njengoba i-wiring ingadingeki, ububanzi bokugcina bokulungisa bufana nobubanzi bokuqhekeka, obungabonakali kakhulu kunokuqhekeka kwezintambo.Ngaphezu kwalokho, ukusetshenziswa kwamabhulashi ocingo kanye nokuhlanza i-vacuum kuyashesha futhi kunokonga kakhulu kunezintambo.
Okokuqala, hlanza imifantu ukuze ususe ukungcola kanye nemfucumfucu, bese ugcwalisa ngezinto zokulungisa i-viscosity ephansi.Umkhiqizi wenze umbhobho omncane wokuxuba ububanzi obuxhunywe kusibhamu sesifutho semiphongolo emibili esiphathwayo ukuze kufakwe izinto zokulungisa (isithombe 1).Uma ithiphu le-nozzle likhulu kunobubanzi bokuqhekeka, kungase kudingeke ukuthi kumiswe umzila othile ukuze kwakhiwe ifaneli engaphezulu ukuze ivumelane nosayizi wethiphu yombhobho.Hlola i-viscosity kumadokhumenti womkhiqizi;abanye abakhiqizi bacacisa ububanzi obuncane bokuqhekeka bempahla.Kukalwa nge-centipoise, njengoba inani le-viscosity lincipha, okokusebenza kuba mncane noma kulula ukugeleza emifantwini emincane.Inqubo elula yokujova ingcindezi ephansi ingasetshenziswa futhi ukufaka izinto zokulungisa (bheka uMdwebo 2).
Isithombe 3. Izintambo nokuvala kuhilela ukusika kuqala isitsha se-sealant ngesikwele noma i-V-shaped blade, bese usigcwalisa nge-sealant efanelekile noma isigcwalisi.Njengoba kuboniswe emfanekisweni, ukuqhekeka komzila kugcwele i-polyurethane, futhi ngemva kokuphulukiswa, kuyaklwejwa futhi kushaywe ngenhla.Kim Basham
Lena inqubo evamile yokulungisa imifantu ehlukanisiwe, emihle futhi emikhulu (isithombe 3).Ukulungiswa okungekhona kwesakhiwo okubandakanya ukuqhekeka okunwebekayo (izintambo) nokuwagcwalisa ngama-sealants afanelekile noma izigcwalisi.Ngokuya ngosayizi nokuma kwe-sealant reservoir kanye nohlobo lwe-sealant noma i-filler esetshenzisiwe, izintambo nokuvala kungalungisa imifantu esebenzayo kanye nemifantu elele.Le ndlela ifaneleka kakhulu ezindaweni ezivundlile, kodwa futhi ingasetshenziselwa izindawo eziqondile ezinezinto zokulungisa ezingancibiliki.
Izinto zokulungisa ezifanele zihlanganisa i-epoxy, i-polyurethane, i-silicone, i-polyurea, ne-polymer mortar.Ku-slab yaphansi, umklami kufanele akhethe okokusebenza okuvumelana nezimo ezifanele nobulukhuni noma ukuqina ukuze kuhambisane nethrafikhi yaphansi elindelekile kanye nokunyakaza kokuqhekeka kwesikhathi esizayo.Njengoba ukuguquguquka kwe-sealant kukhula, ukubekezelelana kokusabalalisa nokuhamba kwe-crack kuyanda, kodwa amandla okuthwala impahla kanye nokusekelwa kwe-crack edge kuzokwehla.Njengoba ubulukhuni bukhula, umthamo wokuthwala umthwalo kanye nokwesekwa konqenqema lokuqhekeka kuyanda, kodwa ukubekezelela ukunyakaza kokuqhekeka kuncipha.
Umfanekiso 1. Njengoba inani lobulukhuni be-Shore lento likhula, ubulukhuni noma ukuqina kwempahla kuyanda futhi nokuvumelana nezimo kuncipha.Ukuze kuvinjwe imifantu emifantuni evezwe esiminyaminya esinamasondo aqinile ukuthi ingaxebuka, kudingeka ukuqina koShore okungenani okungama-80.UKim Basham ukhetha izinto zokulungisa eziqinile (izigcwalisi) zokuqhekeka okulele phansi kwethrafikhi enamasondo aqinile, ngoba imiphetho yokuqhekeka ingcono njengoba kuboniswe kuMfanekiso 1. Ngokuqhekeka okusebenzayo, ama-sealant aguquguqukayo ayakhethwa, kodwa amandla okuthwala umthwalo we-sealant kanye ukwesekwa kwe-crack edge kuphansi.Inani lobulukhuni be-Shore lihlobene nobulukhuni (noma ukuguquguquka) kwezinto zokulungisa.Njengoba ubulukhuni be-Shore bukhuphuka, ubulukhuni (ukuqina) bempahla yokulungisa buyanda futhi nokuvumelana nezimo kuncipha.
Ngokuphuka okusebenzayo, usayizi kanye nezici zokuma ze-sealant reservoir zibaluleke njengokukhetha i-sealant efanelekile engakwazi ukuzivumelanisa nokunyakaza okulindelekile kokuphuka esikhathini esizayo.Isici sefomu yi-aspect ratio ye-sealant reservoir.Ngokuvamile, kuma-sealants aguquguqukayo, izici zefomu ezinconyiwe ziyi-1: 2 (0.5) kanye ne-1: 1 (1.0) (bheka Umfanekiso 2).Ukunciphisa isici sefomu (ngokwandisa ububanzi obuhlobene nokujula) kuzonciphisa uhlobo lwe-sealant olubangelwa ukukhula kobubanzi bokuqhekeka.Uma ubuningi be-sealant strain yehla, inani lokukhula kwe-crack elingamelana ne-sealant liyakhuphuka.Ukusebenzisa ifomu elinconywe umenzi kuzoqinisekisa ukuphakama okuphezulu kwe-sealant ngaphandle kokwehluleka.Uma kudingeka, faka izinti zokusekela igwebu ukuze ukhawulele ukujula kwesivalo futhi usize ukwakha umumo obude “we-hourglass”.
Ukwelulwa okuvumelekile kwe-sealant kuncipha ngokukhuphuka kwesici somumo.Ngamayintshi angu-6.Ipuleti eliwugqinsi elinengqikithi yokujula okungamayintshi angu-0.020.Umumo we-reservoir ephukile ngaphandle kwe-sealant ngu-300 (6.0 amayintshi/0.020 amayintshi = 300).Lokhu kuchaza ukuthi kungani imifantu esebenzayo evalwe nge-sealant eguquguqukayo ngaphandle kwe-sealant tank ngokuvamile ihluleka.Uma lingekho i-reservoir, uma kukhona ukusakazeka kokuqhekeka, uhlobo luzodlula ngokushesha umthamo we-sealant.Ukuze uthole imifantu esebenzayo, sebenzisa njalo i-sealant reservoir enefomu lefomu elinconywe umkhiqizi we-sealant.
Umfanekiso 2. Ukwenyusa isilinganiso sobubanzi nokujula kuzokhulisa ikhono le-sealant ukumelana nezikhathi zokuqhekeka ezizayo.Sebenzisa ifomu lokungu-1:2 (0.5) ukuya ku-1:1 (1.0) noma njengoba kunconywe umkhiqizi wezinsimbi zokuqhekeka okusebenzayo ukuze uqinisekise ukuthi impahla inganwebeka kahle njengoba ububanzi bokuqhekeka bukhula ngokuzayo.Kim Basham
Amabhondi omjovo we-epoxy resin noma ama-weld aqhekeka abe mncane njengamayintshi angu-0.002 ndawonye futhi abuyisele ubuqotho bukakhonkolo, okuhlanganisa amandla nokuqina.Le ndlela ihilela ukusebenzisa isivalo se-epoxy resin engancibiliki ukuze kukhawulwe imifantu, ukufaka izimbobo zomjovo ku-borehole ngezikhathi eziseduze eduze kwemifantu evundlile, eqondile noma engaphezulu, kanye ne-epoxy resin ejova ingcindezi (isithombe 4).
Amandla aqinile we-epoxy resin adlula i-5,000 psi.Ngenxa yalesi sizathu, umjovo we-epoxy resin uthathwa njengokulungiswa kwesakhiwo.Kodwa-ke, umjovo we-epoxy resin ngeke ubuyisele amandla okuklama, futhi ngeke uqinise ukhonkolo ophukile ngenxa yamaphutha omklamo noma wokwakha.I-epoxy resin ayivamisile ukusetshenziselwa ukujova imifantu ukuze kuxazululwe izinkinga ezihlobene namandla okuthwala umthwalo kanye nezindaba zokuphepha kwesakhiwo.
Isithombe 4. Ngaphambi kokujova i-epoxy resin, indawo eqhekekile kufanele imbozwe nge-epoxy resin engancibiliki ukuze kukhawulwe inhlaka ye-epoxy ecindezelwe.Ngemuva komjovo, i-epoxy cap isuswa ngokugaya.Ngokuvamile, ukususa isembozo kuzoshiya izimpawu zokuhuzuka kukhonkolo.Kim Basham
Umjovo we-epoxy resin uwukulungisa okuqinile, okugcwele, futhi imifantu ejovwe inamandla kunokhonkolo oseduze.Uma imifantu esebenzayo noma imifantu esebenza njengokushwabana noma amajoyinti okunweba ijovwa, eminye imifantu kulindeleke ukuba yakhe eceleni noma kude nemifantu elungisiwe.Faka kuphela imifantu elele noma imifantu enenani elanele lezinsimbi zensimbi ezidlula emifantwini ukuze ukhawulele ukunyakaza okuzayo.Ithebula elilandelayo lifingqa izici ezibalulekile zokukhetha zale nketho yokulungisa nezinye izinketho zokulungisa.
I-polyurethane resin ingasetshenziswa ukuvala imifantu emanzi futhi evuzayo ibe mincane njengamayintshi angu-0.002.Le nketho yokulungisa isetshenziselwa ikakhulukazi ukuvimbela ukuvuza kwamanzi, okuhlanganisa ukujova i-resin esebenzayo emfantwini, ehlanganisa namanzi ukwenza ijeli yokuvuvukala, ukuxhuma ukuvuza nokuvala umfantu (isithombe 5).Lawa ma-resin azojaha amanzi futhi angene phakathi kwemifantu emincane eqinile kanye nezimbotshana zikakhonkolo ukuze zakhe isibopho esiqinile nokhonkolo omanzi.Ngaphezu kwalokho, i-polyurethane eselashiwe iyavumelana nezimo futhi ingakwazi ukumelana nokunyakaza kokuqhekeka kwesikhathi esizayo.Lolu khetho lokulungisa luwukulungisa unomphela, olufanele imifantu esebenzayo noma imifantu elele.
Isithombe 5. Umjovo we-polyurethane uhlanganisa ukubhoboza, ukufakwa kwezimbobo zomjovo kanye nomjovo wokucindezela we-resin.I-resin isabela kanye nomswakama kukhonkolo ukuze yakhe igwebu elizinzile neliguquguqukayo, imifantu evala uphawu, ngisho nemifantu evuzayo.Kim Basham
Ukuze uthole imifantu enobubanzi obukhulu phakathi kuka-0.004 intshi no-0.008 intshi, lena inqubo yemvelo yokulungisa imifantu lapho kukhona umswakama.Inqubo yokuphulukisa ibangelwa izinhlayiya zikasimende ezingenamanzi ezivezwa kumswakama futhi zenze i-calcium hydroxide leaching enganyibilikiyo isuka odaka lukasimende iye phezulu bese isabela ne-carbon dioxide emoyeni ozungezile ukuze ikhiqize i-calcium carbonate ebusweni bomfantu.0.004 amayintshi.Ngemva kwezinsuku ezimbalwa, ukuqhekeka okubanzi kungaphola, amasentimitha angu-0.008.Imifantu ingase iphole phakathi namasonto ambalwa.Uma ukuqhekeka kuthinteka amanzi agelezayo kanye nokunyakaza, ukuphulukiswa ngeke kwenzeke.
Ngezinye izikhathi "akukho ukulungisa" kuyindlela engcono kakhulu yokulungisa.Akuyona yonke imifantu edinga ukulungiswa, futhi ukuqapha imifantu kungase kube inketho engcono kakhulu.Uma kunesidingo, imifantu ingalungiswa kamuva.
Isikhathi sokuthumela: Sep-03-2021