Kwesinye isikhathi ukuqhekeka kudingeka kulungiswe, kepha kunezinketho eziningi kakhulu, siklama kanjani futhi sikhethe inketho yokulungisa engcono kakhulu? Lokhu akunzima njengoba ucabanga.
Ngemuva kokuphenya imifantu futhi kunqume izinhloso zokulungisa, ukuklama noma ukukhetha izinto zokulungisa okuhle nezinqubo zilula impela. Lesi sifinyezo sezinketho zokulungisa ama-crack sibandakanya izinqubo ezilandelayo: ukuhlanza nokugcwalisa, ukuthulula nokubopha / ukugcwalisa, ukujova, ukuphulukisa, futhi "akukho lungiso".
Njengoba kuchaziwe ku "Ingxenye 1: Ungahlola kanjani futhi uxazulule ukuxazulula izinkinga kukhonkolo ukhonkolo", uphenya imifantu futhi unqume imbangela yezimpande zawo imifantu kuyisihluthulelo sokukhetha uhlelo lokulungisa okungcono kakhulu. Ngamafuphi, izinto ezisemqoka ezidingekayo ukuklama ukulungiswa okufanelekile kwe-crack kungububanzi obujwayelekile bokuqhekeka (kufaka phakathi ububanzi obuncane nobubanzi) kanye nokuzimisela kokuthi ukuqhekeka kuyasebenza noma ukuqhekeka. Vele, inhloso yokulungiswa kwe-crack ibaluleke njengokulinganisa ububanzi bokuqhekeka futhi inqume ukuthi kungenzeka ukunyakaza kokuqhekeka ngokuzayo.
Imifantu esebenzayo iyahamba futhi iyakhula. Izibonelo zifaka ukuqhekeka okubangelwa ukuguquguquka okuqhubekayo kwenzuzo noma imifantu ehlanganayo / yokunwebeka kwamalungu akhonkolo noma izakhiwo. Imifantu eshisayo iyazinza futhi akulindelekile ukuthi iguquke ngokuzayo. Imvamisa, ukuqhekeka okubangelwa yi-shrinkage kakhonkolo kuzosebenza kakhulu ekuqaleni, kepha njengokuqukethwe komswakama kwekhonkolo elizinzayo, ekugcineni kuzoqinisa nokungena ezweni elishisayo. Ngaphezu kwalokho, uma imigoqo yensimbi eyanele (ama-rewars, imicu yensimbi, noma imicu yokwenziwa ye-macroscopic) idlula imifantu, ukunyakaza okuzayo kuzolawulwa futhi imifantu ingabhekwa njengesesimweni esishisayo.
Ngokufakelwa okushisayo, sebenzisa izinto zokulungisa eziqinile noma eziguqukayo. Imifantu esebenzayo idinga izinto zokulungisa eziguqukayo kanye nokucatshangelwa okukhethekile kwedizayini yokuvumela ukunyakaza okuzayo. Ukusetshenziswa kwezinto zokulungisa eziqinile zokuqhekeka okusebenzayo kuvame ukuphumela ekuqhekekeni kwezinto zokulungisa kanye / noma ukhonkolo oseduze.
Izithombe 1
Vele, kubalulekile ukunquma imbangela yokuqhekeka bese unquma ukuthi ukuqhekeka kubaluleke kakhulu yini. Imifantu ekhombisa ukwakheka okungenzeka, imininingwane, noma amaphutha wokwakha kungenza abantu bakhathazeke ngamandla athela umthwalo kanye nokuphepha kwesakhiwo. Lezi zinhlobo zokuqhekeka zingabaluleka kahle. Ukuqhekeka kungahle kubangelwa umthwalo, noma kungahle kuhlobane nokushintshwa kwevolumu engokwemvelo kokhonkolo, njengokuphamba okulomile, ukunwetshwa okushisayo kanye ne-shrinkage, futhi kungahle kungabaluleki. Ngaphambi kokukhetha inketho yokulungisa, nquma imbangela futhi ubheke ukubaluleka kokuqhekeka.
Ukulungiswa kwemifantu okubangelwa ukwakheka, ukuklanywa kwemininingwane, namaphutha wokwakha kungaphezu kwesilinganiso sendatshana elula. Lesi simo sivame ukudinga ukuhlaziywa okuphelele okuhlelekile futhi kungadinga ukulungiswa okukhethekile okuqinisayo.
Ukubuyisela Ukuqina Kwesakhiwo noma Ubuqotho bezinto ezikhonkolo, ukuvimbela ukuvuza noma ukubopha amanzi nezinye izinto eziyingozi (ezinjengamakhemikhali alimazayo Ukucabanga ngalezi zinhloso, ukugcinwa kungahlukaniswa ngezigaba ezintathu:
Ngokuthandwa kokhonkolo ovezwe ngokhonkolo nokwakha, isidingo sokulungiswa kokulungiswa kwezimonyo. Kwesinye isikhathi ukulungisa ukulungiswa kobuqotho kanye nokugcwala ukubopha / ukugcwalisa nakho kudinga ukulungiswa kokubukeka. Ngaphambi kokukhetha ubuchwepheshe bokulungisa, kufanele sicacise inhloso yokulungiswa kwe-crack.
Ngaphambi kokuqamba ukulungisa noma ukukhetha inqubo yokulungisa, kumele kuphendulwe imibuzo emine ebalulekile. Uma usuphendule le mibuzo, ungakhetha kalula inketho yokulungisa.
Izithombe 2 Kelton glewwe, Roadware, Inc.
Le ndlela elula iye yathandwa, ikakhulukazi yokulungiswa kohlobo lokwakha, ngoba izinto zokulungisa ezine-viscosity ephansi kakhulu sezitholakala. Njengoba lezi zinto zokulungisa zingangena kalula ekuqhekekeni okuncane kakhulu ngamandla adonsela phansi, asikho isidingo se-wiring (okusho ukufaka i-skwele noma i-v-shape reservoir). Njengoba i-wiring ayidingeki, ububanzi bokugcina bokulungisa buyefana nobubanzi bokuqhekeka, obucacile kunokuqhekeka kwe-wiring. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ukusetshenziswa kwamabhulashi e-wire kanye nokuhlanza i-vacuum kushesha futhi kungokwezomnotho kunokuqwayiza.
Okokuqala, hlanza imifantu ukuze ususe ukungcola nemfucumfucu, bese ugcwalisa ngokulungiswa kokulungiswa okuphansi. Umenzi usungule i-nozzle encane kakhulu yokuxubana exhunywe esigungwini esisebenza ngesandla esingumbangi ukuze ufake izinto zokulungisa (isithombe 1). Uma ithiphu le-nozzle likhulu kune-crack kabanzi, ezinye izindlela zokuqhekeka zingacelwa ukudala i-funner engaphezulu ukuze kuhlaliswe usayizi wethiphu ye-nozzle. Hlola i-viscosity emibhalweni yomenzi; Abanye abakhiqizi bacacisa ububanzi obuncane bokuqhekeka ngenxa yezinto ezibonakalayo. Kukalwa ku-centipoise, njengoba inani le-viscosity liyancipha, okuqukethwe kuba mncane noma kube lula ukugeleza kumifantu emincane. Inqubo elula yokuphikisana nengcindezelo ephansi nayo ingahle isetshenziselwe ukufaka izinto zokulungisa (bheka umfanekiso 2).
Izithombe 3 Njengoba kukhonjisiwe kulesi sibalo, ukuqhekeka komzila kugcwele i-polyurethane, nangemva kokuphulukisa, kuklwebulwe futhi kuncipha ebusweni. UKim Basham
Le yinqubo evame kakhulu yokulungisa imifantu eyedwa, emihle futhi emikhulu (isithombe 3). Kungukulungiswa okungahlelekile okubandakanya ukwandisa imifantu (i-wiring) nokuzigcwalisa ngama-sealants afanele noma ama-fillers. Ngokuya ngosayizi nokwakheka kwe-sealant reservoir nohlobo lwe-sealant noma i-filler esetshenzisiwe, i-wiring nokubekwa uphawu kungalungisa imifantu esebenzayo kanye nemifantu eshisayo. Le ndlela ilungele kakhulu indawo enezingqimba, kepha futhi ingasetshenziselwa indawo ebheke phezulu ngezinto zokulungisa ezingezona ezi-sagging.
Izinto zokulungisa ezifanele zifaka i-epoxy, i-polyurethane, i-silicone, i-silicone, i-polyure, ne-polymer data. Okwesitezi phansi, umklami kufanele akhethe okuqukethwe ngokuvumelana nezimo nobulukhuni noma izici zokuqina noma izici zokuqina ukuze amukelwe ithrafikhi yaphansi kanye nokunyakaza okuzayo. Njengoba ukuguquguquka kwe-sealant kukhuphuka, ukubekezelela ukusakazeka kokuqhekeka nokunyakaza kwandisiwe, kepha amandla okuthwala umthwalo kanye nokuxhaswa komngcele wokuqhekeka kuzokwehla. Njengoba ubulukhuni bukhuphuka, umthamo othwala umthwalo kanye nokwenyuka kokusekelwa kokuxhaswa kwemigwaqo, kepha ukubekezelela ukunyakaza kwe-crack kuyancipha.
Umdwebo 1. Njengoba ubulukhuni basogwini lolwandle lukhuphuka, ubulukhuni noma ukuqina kokukhuphuka okubonakalayo nokuguquguquka kwehla. Ukuze uvikele imiphetho yokuqhekeka yemifantu evezwe kwithrafikhi evikelwe nge-hard-wheels kusuka ekunciphiseni, ubulukhuni basogwini okungenani cishe ama-80 adingekayo. UKim Basham ukhetha izinto zokulungiswa kanzima (ama-filler) wokuqhekeka okuvuthayo ezindaweni ezinamasondo ezinamasondo, ngoba imiphetho yokuqhekeka iba ngcono njengoba kukhonjisiwe ku-Figure 1 Ukuxhaswa kwe-Crack onqenqemeni kuphansi. Inani lobulukhuni basogwini lihlobene nobulukhuni (noma ukuguquguquka) kwezinto zokulungisa. Njengoba inani lobulukhuni basogwini likhuphuka, ubulukhuni (ukuqina) kokulungiswa kwezinto kukhuphuka futhi ukuguquguquka kuyancipha.
Okokuphazamiseka okusebenzayo, ubukhulu kanye nezici zesimo se-sealant reservoir kubaluleke njengokukhetha i-sealant efanelekayo engazivumelanisa nezimo ezilindelwe ukunyakaza okulindelekile ngokuzayo. Isici seFomu yisimo se-Sealant Reservoir. Ngokuvamile, ngenxa ye-sealants eguquguqukayo, izici zefomu ezinconyiwe zingu-1: 2 (0.5) no-1: 1 (1.0) (Bheka umfanekiso 2). Ukunciphisa isici sefomu (ngokwandisa isihlobo sobubanzi ngokujula) kuzonciphisa ubunzima obubangelwa ukukhula kokuqhekeka. Uma ubunzima obuphezulu be-sealant buncipha, inani lokukhula okuwohloka okwenziwa nguLalant lakhula. Kusetshenziswa isici sefomu okunconywe ngumenzi kuzoqinisekisa ukugcwala okuphezulu kwe-sealant ngaphandle kokwehluleka. Uma kudingeka, faka izinduku zokusekelwa kwe-Foam ukukhawulela ukujula kwe-sealant kanye nosizo kwakha i- "Hourglass" Shape ende.
Ukugcwala okuvumelekile kwe-sealant kuncipha ngokwanda kwesimo sesikhathi. Amasentimitha ayi-6. Ipuleti elinothile ngokujula okuphelele kwamasentimitha angama-0.020. Isici Sokuma kwe-reservoir ekhubazekile ngaphandle kwe-sealant ngu-300 (6.0 inches / 0.020 inches = 300). Lokhu kuyachaza ukuthi kungani imifantu esebenzayo ebekwe uphawu lwe-sealant eguquguqukayo ngaphandle kwethangi lase-sealant livame ukwehluleka. Uma kungekho reservoir, uma kukhona ukusakazeka kokuqhekeka kwenzeka, ubunzima buzodlula amandla ashubile we-sealant. Ukuze uthole imifantu esebenzayo, sebenzisa i-sealant reservoir ngesici sefomu esinconywe ngumenzi we-sealant.
Umdwebo 2. Ukukhulisa ububanzi bokujula kwesilinganiso kuzokwengeza amandla we-sealant wokumelana nezikhathi zokuqhekeka okuzayo. Sebenzisa isici sefomu esingu-1: 2 (0.5) kuya ku-1: 1 (1.0) noma njengoba kunconywe ngumenzi we-sealant ukuthola imifantu esebenzayo ukuqinisekisa ukuthi izinto ezibonakalayo zingakhula ngokuzayo njengoba ububanzi bokuqhekeka bukhula ngokuzayo. UKim Basham
Ama-epoxy resin umjovo amabhondi noma ama-welds aqhekeka njengo-0,002 amayintshi ndawonye futhi abuyisele ubuqotho bukhonkolo, kubandakanya namandla nokuqina. Le ndlela ifaka ukusebenzisa i-cap cap engaphezulu ye-epoxy ye-epoxy engekho emkhawulweni, ukufaka amachweba okujoyina ku-borehole ngezikhathi ezithile ezivundlile, ukujova okufakwayo kwe-epoxy resin (isithombe 4).
Amandla ashubile e-epoxy resin adlula ama-5,000 psi. Ngalesi sizathu, umjovo we-epoxy resin uthathwa njengokulungiswa kwesakhiwo. Kodwa-ke, umjovo we-epoxy Resin ngeke abuyisele amandla okuklama, futhi ngeke aqinise ukukhonkolo okuphukile ngenxa yamaphutha okuklama noma amaphutha wokwakha. I-Epoxy Resin ayivamile ukusetshenziswa ukujova ukumisa ukuxazulula izinkinga ezihlobene nomthamo wokuthwala umthwalo kanye nezinkinga zokuphepha ezakhiwo.
Izithombe 4 Ngemuva komjovo, i-epoxy cap isuswa ngokugaya. Imvamisa, ukususa isembozo kuzoshiya amamaki ka-abrasion kukhonkolo. UKim Basham
I-epoxy resin umjovo iyindlela eqinile, ejulile ejulile, futhi imifantu efakweyo inamandla kunokhokho oseduze. Uma imifantu esebenzayo noma imifantu esebenza njenge-shrinkage noma amalunga wokunwebeka ajova, eminye imifantu kulindeleke ukuthi ikhiphe eceleni noma kude nemifantu elungisiwe. Kufakwa kuphela imifantu evulekile noma imifantu enenombolo eyanele yemingcele yensimbi edlula ngokusebenzisa imifantu ukuze unciphise ukunyakaza okuzayo. Ithebula elilandelayo lifingqa izici ezibalulekile zokukhethwa kwale ndlela yokulungisa nezinye izinketho zokulungisa.
I-Polyurethane Resin ingasetshenziswa ukuvala ukuvala imifantu emanzi futhi evuzayo njengenciphile njengamasentimitha angama-0.002. Le ndlela yokulungisa isetshenziselwa ikakhulukazi ukuvikela ukuvuza kwamanzi, kufaka phakathi ukujova kabusha kabusha okusebenzayo ekuqhekekeni, okuhlanganisa ngamanzi ukwakha ijeli yokuvuvukala, ukubopha ukuqhekeka (isithombe 5). Lawa ma-remins azoxosha amanzi angenele emihlabeni emincane emincane kanye nama-pores kakhonkolo ukuze akhe isibopho esiqinile ngokhonkolo wamanzi. Ngaphezu kwalokho, i-polyurethane ephethwe ivumelana nezimo futhi ingamelana nokunyakaza kwekusasa. Le ndlela yokulungisa ingukulungiswa unomphela, ilungele imifantu esebenzayo noma imifantu evulekile.
Izithombe 5 I-resin iphendula ngomswakama ngokhonkolo ukuze kwakhiwe igwebu elizinzile futhi eliguqukayo, imifantu yokubopha uphawu, kanye nokuqhekeka okuvuzayo. UKim Basham
Ukuqhekeka okunobubanzi obuphezulu phakathi kuka-0.004 inch kanye ne-0.008 inch, le yinqubo yemvelo yokulungiswa kokuqhekeka phambi komswakama. Inqubo yokuphulukisa kungenxa yezinhlayiya zosekhukhweni ezingathandeki ezivezwa umswakama nokwakha i-infoluble calcium hydroxide leashing kusuka ku-slurry kasimende kuya ebusweni bese uphendula nge-calcium dionenjabulo ezungeze i-calcium carbonate ebusweni bokuqhekeka. 0.004 inches. Ngemuva kwezinsuku ezimbalwa, ukuqhekeka okubanzi kungaphola, amasentimitha angama-0,008. Imifantu ingapholisa emavikini ambalwa. Uma ukuqhekeka kuthinteka emanzini ageleza ngokushesha nokunyakaza, ukuphulukiswa ngeke kwenzeke.
Kwesinye isikhathi "akukho ukulungisa" kuyindlela engcono yokulungisa. Akuyona yonke imifantu edinga ukulungiswa, futhi ukuqapha imifantu kungaba inketho engcono kakhulu. Uma kunesidingo, imifantu ingalungiswa ngokuhamba kwesikhathi.
Isikhathi Sokuthumela: Sep-03-2021