Chaza isicaciso esisha sokuqedwa kwe-slab sikakhonkolo opholishiwe we-ACI.Kodwa okokuqala, kungani sidinga ukucaciswa?
Ama-slabs kakhonkolo aphucuziwe aya ngokuya aduma, ngakho osonkontileka kumele babe nezindlela zokuwakhiqiza ngekhwalithi ephezulu engaguquki.Ngokusho kwedatha evela ku-Grand View Research, izitezi zikakhonkolo ezipholishiwe zakuqala ngeminyaka yawo-1990s, kodwa ngo-2019, ngokwemali engenayo, izitezi zikakhonkolo ezipholishiwe zabalelwa cishe ama-53.5% esabelo semakethe sokumboza ukhonkolo saseMelika.Namuhla, ama-slabs kakhonkolo opholishiwe angatholakala ezitolo zegrosa, amahhovisi, izitolo, amabhokisi amakhulu nasezindlini.Izici ezihlinzekwe ngamaphansi kakhonkolo opholishiwe aqhuba ukwanda kokusetshenziswa, njengokuqina okuphezulu, impilo ende, ukunakekelwa okulula, ukuphumelela kwezindleko, ukukhanya okuphezulu kanye nobuhle.Njengokulindelekile, lo mkhakha kulindeleke ukuthi ukhule eminyakeni embalwa ezayo.
Isilinganiso se-gloss (reflectance) se-slab sikakhonkolo opholishiwe sibonisa ukuthi indawo engaphezulu inokucwebezela kangakanani.Ama-slabs kakhonkolo aphucuziwe lapha abonisa ukukhanya okungaphezulu kwe-Sprouts Farmer's Market.Isithombe ngenhlonipho u-Patrick Harrison uhlangabezana nalesi sidingo, futhi incazelo etholakalayo manje ye-slab kakhonkolo opholishiwe (ACI 310.1) inquma amazinga amancane okufanele ama-slab kakhonkolo opholishiwe ahlangabezane nawo.Njengoba kunendlela yokuchaza izindlela nemiphumela elindelekile, kulula ukuhlangabezana nokulindelwe ngumakhi/unjiniyela.Kwesinye isikhathi, izinqubo eziyisisekelo ezinjengokuhlanza ama-slabs aphansi zingasho izindlela ezihlukene zabadwebi/onjiniyela nosonkontileka.Kusetshenziswa ukucaciswa okusha kwe-ACI 310.1, kungafinyelelwa esivumelwaneni futhi usonkontileka usengakwazi ukufakazela ukuthi okuqukethwe okuvezwe kwinkontileka kuhlangatshezwane nayo.Zombili izinhlangothi manje zinemihlahlandlela yezinqubo ezijwayelekile zomkhakha.Njengawo wonke amazinga e-ACI, imininingwane izobuyekezwa futhi ibuyekezwe njengoba kudingeka eminyakeni embalwa ezayo ukuze ibonise izidingo zemboni.
Ulwazi ekucacisweni okusha kwe-ACI 310.1 kulula ukuluthola ngoba lulandela ifomethi evamile enezingxenye ezintathu, okungukuthi Okujwayelekile, Umkhiqizo, kanye Nokwenziwa.Kunezidingo ezinemininingwane zokuhlolwa nokuhlolwa, ukulawulwa kwekhwalithi, ukuqinisekiswa kwekhwalithi, ukuhlolwa, ukwamukelwa kanye nokuvikelwa kokuqedwa kwe-slab kakhonkolo opholishiwe.Engxenyeni yokusetshenziswa, kuhlanganisa izidingo zokuqeda phezulu, ukufaka imibala, ukugaya nokupholishwa, nokunakekelwa.
Incazelo entsha ibona ukuthi yonke iphrojekthi inokuhlukahluka okuningi okufanele kunqunywe.Umbhalo womakhi/kanjiniyela udinga ukucacisa izidingo ezithile zephrojekthi, njengokuchayeka sekukonke kanye nokulindelwe kobuhle.Uhlu lwezidingo eziyisibopho olufakiwe kanye nohlu lwezidingo ozikhethela lona luqondisa abaklami/onjiniyela ukuze benze imininingwane ngendlela oyifisayo ngokuvumelana nezidingo zephrojekthi ngayinye, noma ngabe kuwukuchaza isicwebezelisi sesibuko sepuleti elipholishiwe, ukwengeza umbala noma ukudinga ukuhlolwa okwengeziwe.
Ukucaciswa okusha kuphakamisa ukudinga izilinganiso zobuhle futhi kuchaze ukuthi idatha kufanele iqoqwe kanjani.Lokhu kuhlanganisa okuhlukile kwesithombe (i-DOI), okuhlanganisa ukucijile kanye nokucoleka kwengaphezulu le-slab ngokulandelana kwezinyathelo zokupholisha, ngakho-ke kunendlela yokulinganisa ikhwalithi yayo.Ukucwebezela (reflectance) isilinganiso esibonisa ukuthi ubuso bucwebezela kangakanani.Ukulinganisa kunikeza incazelo enenhloso eyengeziwe yobuhle bendawo.I-Haze ibuye ichazwe kudokhumenti, ngokuvamile ebonisa ukuthi imikhiqizo engaphelele ifakiwe ukudala ubuhle.
Njengamanje, ukuhlolwa kuma-slabs kakhonkolo opholishiwe akuhambisani.Osonkontileka abaningi abazange baqoqe ukufundwa okwanele futhi bacabange ukuthi bathole izinga elithile elilinganisekayo lokusebenza ngokobuhle.Osonkontileka ngokuvamile bahlola kuphela indawo encane eyimodeli bese becabanga ukuthi basebenzisa izinto nezindlela ezifanayo ukuze bakhiqize kabusha imiphumela yokupholisha ngaphandle kokuhlola ibhodi lokugcina.Ukucaciswa okusanda kukhishwa kwe-ACI 310.1 kunikeza uhlaka lokuhlola okungaguquki usuku lonke nokuthi ungayibika kanjani imiphumela.Ukuhlola okungaguquguquki komsebenzi nakho kunikeza osonkontileka umlando olinganisekayo wemiphumela engasetshenziswa kumabhidi wesikhathi esizayo.
Ukucaciswa okusha kwe-slab kakhonkolo opholishiwe (ACI 310.1) kunikeza izinga eliphansi elisebenza kunoma yikuphi ukuqedwa kwe-slab kakhonkolo opholishiwe.I-Cabela's ingesinye sezikhungo zokudayisa ezaziwa ngokusebenzisa ama-slabs okhonkolo opholishiwe.Ngokuhlonishwa kukaPatrick Harrison.Ukucaciswa okusha kwe-ACI 310.1 nakho kunquma izivivinyo okufanele zenziwe kanye nendawo yokuhlolwa ngakunye.
Idokhumenti esanda kutholakala ichaza ukuthi kwenziwa nini izinhlobo ezihlukahlukene zokuhlola.Isibonelo, okungenani amasonto amabili ngaphambi kokuba umnikazi abe nakho, ukuhlolwa kufanele kufake isicwebezelisi esikhethekile ngokuhambisana ne-ASTM D523, ukucaca kwesithombe (DOI) ngokuvumelana ne-ASTM 5767, kanye nenkungu ngokuhambisana ne-ASTM D4039.Ukucaciswa okusha kwe-ACI 310.1 nakho kucacisa indawo yokuhlola yohlobo ngalunye lokuhlola, kodwa umklami werekhodi udinga ukunquma ubuncane bezidingo ze-DOI, isicwebezelisi kanye nenkungu.Ngokunikeza isiqondiso sokuthi iziphi izivivinyo okufanele zenziwe futhi nini, idokhumenti inikeza umgwaqo wokuqinisekisa ukuthi i-slab ihlangabezana nezidingo ezichazwe kunkontileka.
Ukuxhumana kokuhlola nokubika kubalulekile ukuze kuqinisekiswe ukuthi zonke izinhlangothi—abanikazi, abaklami/onjiniyela, nosonkontileka—bazi ukuthi i-slab ihlangabezana nekhwalithi okuvunyelwene ngayo.Lesi yisimo sokunqoba: ukuqinisekisa ukuthi umnikazi uhlinzeka ngemikhiqizo yekhwalithi ephezulu, futhi usonkontileka unezinombolo ezilinganisekayo zokufakazela impumelelo.
I-ACI 310.1 isiyatholakala kuwebhusayithi ye-ACI, futhi yaklanywa ngomzamo ohlanganyelwe phakathi kwe-ACI kanye ne-American Association of Concrete Contractors (ASCC).Ukusiza osonkontileka ukuthi bathobelane namazinga amancane ashiwo, i-ASCC okwamanje ithuthukisa imihlahlandlela yosonkontileka ababonisa amazinga kule khodi.Ngokulandela ifomethi yokucaciswa kwe-ACI 310.1 entsha, umhlahlandlela uzohlinzeka ngemibono nezincazelo kunoma yiziphi izindawo lapho usonkontileka angadinga khona ukuqondiswa okwengeziwe.Isiqondiso se-ASCC sika-ACI 310.1 kulindeleke ukuthi sikhishwe maphakathi no-2021.
Incazelo yokuqala ye-slab kakhonkolo epholishiwe evela e-American Concrete Institute (ACI) manje isiyatholakala kuwebhusayithi ye-ACI.Ukucaciswa kokuqedwa kwe-slab sikakhonkolo okusha okupholishiwe (ACI 310.1) okuthuthukiswe I-ACI-ASCC Joint Committee 310 kuyinkomba eklanyelwe ukunikeza izinga elincane abaklami bezakhiwo noma onjiniyela abangalisebenzisa kunoma iyiphi i-slab kakhonkolo epholishiwe.Ukucaciswa kwe-ACI 310.1 kusebenza kuma-slabs aphansi kanye nama-slabs aphansi amisiwe.Uma kucashunwa emibhalweni yenkontileka, ihlinzeka ngezinga eliqediwe lebhodi okuvunyelwane ngalo phakathi kosonkontileka nomakhi noma unjiniyela.
Abaklami bezakhiwo/onjiniyela sebengakwazi manje ukubhekisela ekucacisweni okusha kwe-ACI 310.1 kumadokhumenti enkontileka futhi babonise ukuthi ukhonkolo opholishiwe waphansi kufanele uhambisane nokucaciswa, noma bangacacisa izidingo eziqinile.Kungakho lo mbhalo ubizwa ngokuthi ukucaciswa kwereferensi ngoba unikeza indawo yokuqala ephansi kakhulu yama-slabs kakhonkolo aphucuziwe.Uma kucashunwa, le ncazelo entsha ithathwa njengengxenye yedokhumenti yenkontileka phakathi komnikazi nosonkontileka, futhi kubalulekile ukuthi usonkontileka ngamunye opholishayo ayifunde yonke imininingwane ukuze ayiqonde.
Isikhathi sokuthumela: Aug-31-2021