Ukuthuthuka okusha ekuqinisekisweni kwekhwalithi yendlela ekhonkolo kunganikeza imininingwane ebalulekile ngekhwalithi, ukuqina, kanye nokuhambisana namakhodi wokuqamba ama-hybrid.
Ukwakhiwa kwendlela ekhonkolo kungabona izimo eziphuthumayo, kanti usonkontileka udinga ukuqinisekisa ikhwalithi nokuqina kokhonkolo wendawo. Le micimbi ifaka ukuvezwa kwemvula ngesikhathi senqubo yokuthela, isicelo se-post-application yamakhompiyutha epulasitiki kanye namahora okuqhekeka kungakapheli amahora ambalwa emva kokuthulula, kanye nezinkinga zokhonkolo nezinkinga zokhonkolo kanye nezinkinga zokhonkolo nezinkinga zokhonkolo nezinkinga zokhonkolo kanye nezinkinga zokhonkolo nezinkinga zokhonkolo kanye nezinkinga zokhonkolo nezinkinga zokhonkolo nezinkinga zokhonkolo kanye nezinkinga zokhonkolo nezinkinga zokhonkolo nezinkinga zokhonkolo kanye nezinkinga zokhonkolo nezinkinga zokhonkolo kanye nezinkinga zokhonkolo nezinkinga zokhonkolo nezinkinga zokhonkolo kanye nezinkinga zokhonkolo nezinkinga zokhonkolo nezinkinga zokhonkolo kanye nezinkinga zokhonkolo nezinkinga zokhonkolo nezinkinga zokhonkolo kanye nezinkinga zokhonkolo nezinkinga zokhonkolo kanye nezinkinga zokhonkolo nezinkinga zokhonkolo nezinkinga zokhonkolo kanye nezinkinga zokhonkolo nezinkinga zokhonkolo nezinkinga zokhonkolo kanye nezinkinga zokhonkolo nezinkinga zokhonkolo kanye nezinkinga zokhonkolo nezinkinga zokhonkolo nezinkinga zokhonkolo kanye nezinkinga zokhonkolo nezinkinga zokhonkolo nezinkinga zokhonkolo kanye nezinkinga zokhonkolo nezinkinga zokhonkolo kanye nezinkinga zokhonkolo kanye nezinkinga zokhonkolo kanye nezingqinamba zesela. Noma ngabe izidingo zamandla nezinye izivivinyo ezibonakalayo ziyahlangana, onjiniyela bangadinga ukususwa kanye nokubuyiselwa kwezingxenye zezindawo zokuphumula ngoba zikhathazekile ngokuthi ngabe yizinto ezisetshenziswayo zihlangabezana nezincazelo zokuklama okuxubile.
Kulokhu, i-petrography nezinye izindlela zokuhlola ezihambisanayo (kodwa uchwepheshe) zinganikeza imininingwane ebalulekile mayelana nekhwalithi nokuqina kokuhlanganiswa kokhonkolo nokuthi ahlangabezana nalo msebenzi.
Umdwebo 1 Isibalo esingezansi kwesobunxele sikhombisa idivaysi yokukala ukumelana kwesilinda ukhonkolo. Isibalo esingezansi esifanele sibonisa ubudlelwano phakathi kokuthulanga kwevolumu ne-W / C. I-Chunyu Qiao ne-DRP, inkampani e-Twining
Umthetho ka-Abrama: "Amandla acindezelayo wengxube kakhonkolo alingana kakhulu nesilinganiso sawo sikasimende samanzi."
USolwazi Duff Abrams uchaze ubudlelwano phakathi kwesilinganiso samanzi (W / C) namandla acindezelayo ngo-1918 [1], futhi kwakha lokho manje okubizwa ngokuthi umthetho ka-Abrama: "Amandla acindezelwe wekhonkolo / isilinganiso sikakhonkolo." Ngaphezu kokulawula amandla acindezelayo, isilinganiso sokwenza usimende samanzi (W / cm) manje sesithandwa ngoba siyakubona ukushintshwa kosekhule ePortland ngezinto zokwenziwa kokonga okufana neFly Ash kanye neSlag. Futhi kuyipharamitha esemqoka yokuqina ukhonkolo. Izifundo eziningi zikhombisile ukuthi ukuhlanganiswa kokhonkolo okuphansi kwe-W / cm okuphansi kune-~ 0.45 kuhlala isikhathi eside ezindaweni ezinolaka, njengezindawo ezivezwe amaqhubu kasawoti noma izindawo lapho kunokuhlushwa okuphezulu kwe-sulfate emhlabathini.
Ama-capellary ama-pores ayingxenye yendalo ye-slurry kasimende. Baqukethe isikhala phakathi kwemikhiqizo ye-Cement Hydration kanye nezinhlayiya zomoya ezingafani nezonakalisiwe ezazigcwele amanzi. [2] Ama-pores we-capillary amahle kakhulu kunama-pores afakiwe noma abhajwe futhi akufanele adideke nabo. Lapho ama-capillary pores axhunyiwe, uketshezi oluvela endaweni yangaphandle lungafuduka ngokunamathisela. Le nto ibizwa ngokuthi ukungena kokungena futhi kufanele incishiswe ukuze kuqinisekiswe ukuqina. Into engenayo yensimbi ekhonkolo eqinile ukuthi ama-pores ahlukaniswe kunokuba axhunyiwe. Lokhu kwenzeka lapho i-W / cm ingaphansi kuka ~ 0.45.
Yize kunzima ngokunembile ukukala ngokunembile i-W / cm kakhonkolo oqinile, indlela ethembekile inganikeza ithuluzi elibalulekile lokuqinisekisa ikhwalithi yokuphenya ngokhonkolo wendawo yokuphonsa kanzima. I-Fleorescence Microscopy inikeza isisombululo. Lokhu kusebenza kanjani.
I-Fleorescence Microscopy iyindlela esebenzisa i-epoxy resin kanye dyes we-fluorescent ukukhanyisa imininingwane yezinto zokwakha. Isetshenziswa kakhulu kwisayensi yezokwelapha, futhi futhi inezinhlelo zokusebenza ezibalulekile kwisayensi yezinto zokwakha. Ukusetshenziswa okuhlelekile kwale ndlela ngokhonkolo kwaqala cishe eminyakeni engama-40 edlule eDenmark [3]; Yamiswa emazweni aseNordic ngo-1991 ngokulinganisa i-W / C yekhonkolo elukhuni, futhi yavuselelwa ngo-1999 [4].
Ukukala i-W / cm yezinto zokwenziwa kokhonkolo (ie ukhonkolo, udaka, kanye nokugoqa), i-epoxy ye-fluorescent isetshenziselwa ukwenza isigaba esincanyana noma i-conkstete block enobukhulu bezinto ezingaba ngu-25 noma i-1) inch (isithombe 2). Le nqubo ifaka umnyombo wekhonkolo noma isilinda isikwa amabhlogo kakhonkolo ayizicaba (abizwa ngokuthi izikhala) nendawo ecishe ibe ngu-25 x 50 mm (1 x 2 inches). Okungenalutho kugxiliwe ku-slide yengilazi, kubekwe egumbini lokuphumula, futhi kwethulwa i-epoxy resin ngaphansi kwe-vacuum. Njengoba i-W / cm yenyuka, ukuxhumana nenombolo yama-pores kuzokwenyuswa, ngakho-ke i-epoxy engaphezulu izongena ku-paste. Sihlola ama-flakes ngaphansi kwesibonakhulu, sisebenzisa isethi yezihlungi ezikhethekile ukujabulisa amadayi we-fluorescent ku-epoxy resin bese uhlungela amasiginali amaningi. Kulezi zithombe, izindawo ezimnyama zibonisa izinhlayiya ezihlanganisiwe kanye nezinhlayiya zomoya ongashadi. I-porolity yalokhu okubili ngokuyisisekelo 0%. I-Bright Green Circle iyi-poringual (hhayi i-porolity), kanye ne-porolity ngokuyisisekelo yi-100%. Enye yalezi zici "Into" eluhlaza okotshani eluhlaza " Njenge-W / cm kanye ne-capillary posuality yokwanda kokhonkolo, umbala ojwayelekile ohlaza okotshani we-paste uba nzima futhi uqhakaze (bheka umfanekiso 3).
Umdwebo 2 Ububanzi bensimu evundlile buyi ~ 1.5 mm. I-Chunyu Qiao ne-DRP, inkampani e-Twining
Umdwebo 3 Lezi zingxube ziye zakhiwe futhi ziqukethe umlotha wempukane. I-Chunyu Qiao ne-DRP, inkampani e-Twining
Ukuhlaziywa kwezithombe kufaka ukukhipha idatha yenani kusuka ezithombeni. Isetshenziswa emasimini amaningi esayensi ahlukahlukene, kusukela ekujuleni kwesibonakhulu. I-pixel ngayinye esithombeni sedijithali empeleni iba iphuzu ledatha. Le ndlela ivumela ukuthi sinamathisele izinombolo kumazinga ahlukile wokukhanya okuluhlaza obonakalayo kulezi zithombe. Eminyakeni engama-20 edlule noma kunjalo, ngenguquko kumandla we-desktop ekhompyutheni kanye nokutholwa kwesithombe sedijithali, ukuhlaziywa kwezithombe manje sekuyithuluzi elisebenzayo amasosha amancane (kufaka phakathi ama-petrologists akhonkolo) angasebenzisa. Sivame ukusebenzisa ukuhlaziywa kwezithombe ukukala i-capillary poposity ye-slurry. Ngokuhamba kwesikhathi, sathola ukuthi kunokuhlangana okuqinile okuqinile kwezibalo phakathi kwe-W / cm kanye ne-capillary posulity, njengoba kukhonjisiwe kulokhu okulandelayo (Umdwebo 4 no-5).
Umdwebo 4. Isibonelo sedatha etholwe kuma-mircographs we-fluorescence wezingxenye ezincanyana. Le graph isiza inani lamaphikseli e-linikel grey level ku-photomicrograph eyodwa. Iziqongo ezintathu zihambelana nama-aggregates (ijika le-orange), unamathisele (indawo empunga), ne-avent (inani elingenalutho ngakwesokudla). Ijika le-paste livumela umuntu ukubala usayizi we-pore okujwayelekile nokuphambuka kwawo okujwayelekile. I-Chunyu Qiao ne-DRP, i-Twining Company Figures 5 I-Chunyu Qiao ne-DRP, inkampani e-Twining
Ekuhlaziyweni kokugcina, kudingeka izivivinyo ezintathu ezizimele zokufakazela ukuthi ukhonkolo esizeni uhambisana nokucaciswa kwe-mix design. Ngokunokwenzeka, thola amasampula asemqoka ekubekeni okuhlangabezana nazo zonke izindlela zokwamukelwa, kanye namasampula ekubekeni okuhlobene. Umnyombo kusuka kusakhiwo esamukelekayo ungasetshenziswa njengesampula yokulawula, futhi ungayisebenzisa njengebhentshi lokuhlola ukuhambisana kwesakhiwo esifanele.
Ngolwazi lwethu, lapho onjiniyela abanamarekhodi bebona imininingwane etholakele kulezi zivivinyo, bavame ukwamukela ukubekwa uma ezinye izici zobunjiniyela ezibalulekile (njengamandla acindezelayo) ahlangatshezwayo. Ngokuhlinzeka ngezilinganiso ezinobungako be-W / cm kanye nokwakheka kwefomu
UDavid Rothstein, Ph.D., PG, facki yi-Chief Lithograph ye-DRP, inkampani enamawele. Uneminyaka engaphezu kwengu-25 yesipiliyoni sodokotela wezezimali ochwepheshe futhi ahlolwe mathupha amasampula angaphezu kuka-10,000 avela kumaphrojekthi angaphezu kuka-2 000 emhlabeni jikelele. UDkt Chunyu Qiao, usosayensi oyinhloko we-DRP, inkampani enamawele, usosayensi wesayensi yokwenziwa ngeminyaka engaphezu kweyishumi yokuhlangenwe nakho kwezinto ezihlangenwe nakho nemikhiqizo yemvelo futhi ecubunguliwe. Ubuchwepheshe bakhe buhlanganisa ukusetshenziswa kokuhlaziywa kwezithombe kanye ne-fluorescence microscopy ukutadisha ukuqina kokhonkolo, ngokugcizelelwa okukhethekile kumonakalo obangelwa usawoti, ukusabela kwama-alkali-silicon, kanye nokuhlaselwa kwamakhemikhali ezitshalweni zokwelashwa kwamanzi amdaka.
Isikhathi Sokuthumela: I-Sep-07-2021