Uma uke wahlala etafuleni lokudlela ngokuntengantenga, kuchitheka iwayini engilazini futhi kubangele ukuthi uchithe utamatisi we-cherry ngakolunye uhlangothi lwegumbi, uzokwazi ukuthi iphansi le-wavy liphazamisa kangakanani.
Kodwa ezindlini zokugcina impahla eziphakeme, amafekthri, kanye nezindawo zezimboni, ukucaba kwephansi kanye nokulingana (FF/FL) kungaba yimpumelelo noma inkinga yokwehluleka, kuphazamise ukusebenza kokuhloswe kwesakhiwo. Ngisho nasezindlini ezijwayelekile zokuhlala nezentengiselwano, iphansi elingalingani lingathinta ukusebenza, libangele izinkinga ngokumboza phansi kanye nezimo ezingase zibe yingozi.
Ukuhleleka, ukusondelana kwephansi ukuya emthambekeni oshiwo, kanye nokuba flat, izinga lokuchezuka kobuso kusuka endizeni enezinhlangothi ezimbili, sekube yizicaciso ezibalulekile ekwakhiweni. Ngenhlanhla, izindlela zokulinganisa zesimanje zingathola izingqinamba zeleveli nezokucaba ngokunembe kakhulu kuneso lomuntu. Izindlela zakamuva zisivumela ukuthi sikwenze cishe ngokushesha; isibonelo, lapho ukhonkolo usasebenziseka futhi ungalungiswa ngaphambi kokuqina. Izitezi eziyisicaba manje sezilula, ziyashesha, futhi kulula ukuzithola kunangaphambili. Kufezwa ngokuhlanganiswa okungenakwenzeka kokhonkolo namakhompyutha.
Lelo tafula lokudlela kungenzeka ukuthi "lilungisiwe" ngokuguqa umlenze ngebhokisi likamentshisi, ligcwalise ngokuphumelelayo iphuzu eliphansi phansi, okuyinkinga yendiza. Uma i-breadstick yakho isuka etafuleni yodwa, ungase futhi ubhekane nezinkinga zezinga laphansi.
Kodwa umthelela we-flatness kanye neleveli uhamba ngaphezu kokulula. Emuva ku-high-bay warehouse, iphansi elingalingani alikwazi ukusekela kahle iyunithi ye-rack engu-20-foot-high enamathani ezinto kuyo. Ingase ibe yingozi ebulalayo kulabo abayisebenzisayo noma abadlula ngayo. Ukuthuthukiswa kwakamuva kwezindawo zokugcina izimpahla, amaloli e-pneumatic pallet, athembele nakakhulu kumafulethi, asezingeni eliphezulu. Le mishini eshayelwa ngesandla ingaphakamisa amakhilogremu angu-750 wemithwalo yephalethi futhi isebenzise amakhushini omoya acindezelwe ukuze isekele sonke isisindo ukuze umuntu oyedwa akwazi ukuyisunduza ngesandla. Idinga iphansi eliyisicaba, eliyisicaba ukuze isebenze kahle.
I-flatness nayo ibalulekile kunoma yiliphi ibhodi elizobe limbozwe ngendwangu eqinile yokumboza njengamatshe noma amathayili e-ceramic. Ngisho nezingubo eziguquguqukayo ezifana ne-vinyl composite tiles (VCT) zinenkinga yokungalingani phansi, okuvame ukuphakanyiswa noma ukuhlukaniswa ngokuphelele, okungadala izingozi ezikhubekayo, ukuklolodeka noma ama-voids ngezansi, kanye nomswakama okhiqizwa ukugeza phansi Hlanganisa futhi usekele ukukhula isikhunta namagciwane. Izitezi ezindala noma ezintsha, eziyisicaba zingcono.
Amagagasi ku-slab sikakhonkolo angenziwa isicaba ngokugaya amaphuzu aphezulu, kodwa isipoki samagagasi singase siqhubeke sihlala phansi. Ngezinye izikhathi uzoyibona esitolo sempahla: phansi kuyisicaba kakhulu, kodwa kubukeka sengathi kune-wavy ngaphansi kwezibani ze-sodium ezinomfutho ophezulu.
Uma ukhonkolo waphansi uhloselwe ukuba obala-ngokwesibonelo, uklanyelwe ukungcolisa nokupholishwa, indawo eqhubekayo enezinto ezifanayo zikakhonkolo zibalulekile. Ukugcwalisa izindawo eziphansi nge-toppings akuyona inketho ngoba ngeke ifane. Okunye okuwukuphela kwenketho ukugqoka amaphuzu aphezulu.
Kodwa ukugaya ebhodini kungashintsha indlela elithwebula ngayo futhi libonise ukukhanya. Ingaphezulu likakhonkolo lakhiwe yisihlabathi (i-aggregate emihle), idwala (i-coarse aggregate) kanye nodaka lukasimende. Lapho ipuleti elimanzi libekwe, inqubo yetrowel iphusha i-aggregate enkudlwana endaweni ejulile ngaphezulu, futhi i-aggregate ecolekile, udaka lukasimende kanye ne-laitance kugxilwe phezulu. Lokhu kwenzeka kungakhathaliseki ukuthi ingaphezulu liyisicaba noma ligobile impela.
Uma ugaya i-intshi engu-1/8 ukusuka phezulu, uzosusa impushana ecolekileyo kanye ne-laitance, izinto eziyimpuphu, bese uqala ukuveza isihlabathi ku-matrix yokunamathisela usimende. Gaya ngokuqhubekayo, futhi uzodalula ingxenye yedwala kanye neqoqo elikhulu. Uma ugaya uze ufike ezindaweni eziphakeme kuphela, kuzovela isihlabathi namatshe kulezi zindawo, futhi imigqa ehlanganisiwe eveziwe yenza lawa maphuzu aphezulu angafi, ashintshana ne-unground smooth grout streaks lapho amaphuzu aphansi atholakala khona.
Umbala wendawo yoqobo uhlukile kunezendlalelo ezingamayintshi angu-1/8 noma ngaphansi, futhi zingabonisa ukukhanya ngokuhlukile. Imigqa enemibala ekhanyayo ibonakala njengamaphuzu aphezulu, futhi imigqa emnyama phakathi kwayo ibonakala njengemikhombe, okuyizinto ezibonakalayo "izipoki" zamagagasi asuswe nge-grinder. Ukhonkolo waphansi uvamise ukuba nezimbotshana kunendawo yokuqala yetrowel, ngakho-ke imithende ingase iphendule ngendlela ehlukile kumadayi namabala, ngakho kunzima ukuqeda inkinga ngokufaka umbala. Uma ungawenzi amagagasi phakathi nenqubo yokuqeda ukhonkolo, angase akuhluphe futhi.
Sekungamashumi eminyaka, indlela ejwayelekile yokuhlola i-FF/FL bekuyindlela eqondile yamamitha ayi-10. Umbusi ubekwe phansi, futhi uma kukhona izikhala ngaphansi kwawo, ukuphakama kwawo kuzolinganiswa. Ukubekezelela okujwayelekile kungu-1/8 intshi.
Lolu hlelo lokulinganisa mathupha ngokuphelele luyanensa futhi lunganemba kakhulu, ngoba abantu ababili ngokuvamile bakala ubude obufanayo ngezindlela ezihlukene. Kodwa lena yindlela emisiwe, futhi umphumela kufanele wamukelwe ngokuthi “muhle ngokwanele.” Ngawo-1970, lokhu kwakungasekuhle ngokwanele.
Isibonelo, ukuvela kwezindawo zokugcina izimpahla eziphezulu kwenze ukunemba kwe-FF/FL kubaluleke nakakhulu. Ngo-1979, u-Allen Face wenza indlela yezinombolo yokuhlola izici zalezi zitezi. Lolu hlelo luvame ukubizwa ngenombolo yokucaba kwesitezi, noma ngokusemthethweni “njengesistimu yokubala iphrofayili yaphansi.”
Ubuso buphinde benza ithuluzi lokulinganisa izici zaphansi, "iphrofayili yaphansi", igama layo lokuhweba i-The Dipstick.
Isistimu yedijithali nendlela yokulinganisa iyisisekelo se-ASTM E1155, eyathuthukiswa ngokubambisana ne-American Concrete Institute (ACI), ukuze kutholwe indlela evamile yokuhlola ye-FF flatness floor kanye nezinombolo ze-FL floor flatness.
Iphrofayili iyithuluzi elenziwa ngesandla elivumela opharetha ukuthi ahambe phansi futhi athole iphoyinti ledatha njalo ngamayintshi ayi-12. Ngokombono, ingabonisa izitezi ezingapheli (uma unesikhathi esingapheli sokulinda izinombolo zakho ze-FF/FL). Inembe kakhulu kunendlela yerula futhi imele ukuqala kwesilinganiso sesimanje sokucaba.
Nokho, iphrofayili inemikhawulo esobala. Ngakolunye uhlangothi, zingasetshenziselwa kuphela ukhonkolo oqinile. Lokhu kusho ukuthi noma yikuphi ukuchezuka esicacisweni kufanele kulungiswe njengokushayela emuva. Izindawo eziphakeme zingase zigaywe, izindawo eziphansi zingagcwaliswa ngama-toppings, kodwa konke lokhu kuwumsebenzi wokulungisa, kuzobiza imali yenkontileka kakhonkolo, futhi kuzothatha isikhathi sephrojekthi. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ukulinganisa ngokwako kuyinqubo ehamba kancane, enezela isikhathi esiningi, futhi ngokuvamile kwenziwa ochwepheshe bezinkampani zangaphandle, okwengeza izindleko ezengeziwe.
Ukuskena nge-laser kushintshile ukuphishekela ukucaba kanye nezinga lephansi. Nakuba i-laser ngokwayo ihlehlela emuva ngeminyaka yawo-1960, ukuzivumelanisa kwayo nokuskena ezindaweni zokwakha kusekusha.
Isithwebuli se-laser sisebenzisa uhlaka olugxiliswe ngokuqinile ukukala indawo yazo zonke izindawo ezikhanyayo ezisizungezile, hhayi nje phansi kuphela, kodwa futhi cishe nephoyinti ledatha elingu-360º dome elizungeze nangaphansi kwethuluzi. Ibeka iphuzu ngalinye endaweni enezinhlangothi ezintathu. Uma indawo yesithwebuli ihlotshaniswa nokuma okuphelele (okufana nedatha ye-GPS), lawa maphuzu angabekwa njengezindawo ezithile kuplanethi yethu.
Idatha yeskena ingahlanganiswa ibe yimodeli yolwazi lwesakhiwo (BIM). Ingasetshenziselwa izidingo ezihlukahlukene, njengokulinganisa igumbi noma ngisho nokwenza imodeli yekhompiyutha eyakhiwe njengoba yakhiwe. Ngokuhambisana ne-FF/FL, ukuskena nge-laser kunezinzuzo ezimbalwa ngaphezu kokulinganisa komshini. Enye yezinzuzo ezinkulu ukuthi ingenziwa ngenkathi ukhonkolo usasha futhi usetshenziswa.
Iskena sirekhoda amaphoyinti edatha angu-300,000 kuya kwangu-2,000,000 ngomzuzwana futhi ngokuvamile sisebenza imizuzu engu-1 ukuya kweyi-10, kuye ngokuminyana kolwazi. Ijubane layo lokusebenza lishesha kakhulu, izinkinga zokuthi flat kanye nezinga zingatholakala ngokushesha ngemva kokulinganisa, futhi zingalungiswa ngaphambi kokuba i-slab iqine. Ngokuvamile: ukulinganisa, ukuskena, ukukala kabusha uma kunesidingo, ukuskena kabusha, ukulinganisa kabusha uma kunesidingo, kuthatha imizuzu embalwa kuphela. Akusekho ukugaya nokugcwalisa, akusekho ukufona emuva. Yenza umshini wokuqeda ukhonkolo ukhiqize indawo esezingeni ngosuku lokuqala. Isikhathi nokongiwa kwezindleko kubalulekile.
Kusukela kubabusi kuya kumaphrofayili kuya kuma-laser scanners, isayensi yokulinganisa ukucaba kwephansi manje isingene esizukulwaneni sesithathu; sikubiza ngokuthi flatness 3.0. Uma kuqhathaniswa nerula eyizinyawo ezingu-10, ukusungulwa kwephrofayili kumelela ukweqa okukhulu ekunembeni nemininingwane yedatha yaphansi. Izikena ze-laser azigcini nje ngokuthuthukisa ukunemba nemininingwane, kodwa futhi zimele uhlobo oluhlukile lokugxuma.
Kokubili amaphrofayili nezikena ze-laser zingafinyelela ukunemba okudingekayo ngokucaciswa kwaphansi kwanamuhla. Kodwa-ke, uma kuqhathaniswa namaphrofayili, ukuskena nge-laser kuphakamisa ibha ngokuya ngesivinini sokulinganisa, imininingwane yolwazi, nokuhambisana nesikhathi nokusebenza kwemiphumela. Iphrofayili isebenzisa i-inclinometer ukukala ukuphakama, okuyidivayisi ekala i-engeli ehlobene nendiza evundlile. Iphrofayili yibhokisi elinamafidi amabili ngezansi, ngokuhlukana ngamayintshi angu-12, kanye nesibambo eside u-opharetha angasibamba lapho emile. Isivinini sephrofayili sinqunyelwe isivinini sethuluzi lesandla.
Umsebenzisi uhamba ebhodini ngomugqa oqondile, ehambisa idivayisi ngamasentimitha angu-12 ngesikhathi, ngokuvamile ibanga lokuhamba ngakunye lilingana nobubanzi begumbi. Kuthatha ama-run amaningi kuzo zombili izinkomba ukuze kuqoqwe amasampuli abalulekile ezibalo ahlangabezana nezidingo ezincane zedatha yezinga le-ASTM. Idivayisi ikala ama-engeli aqondile kuso sonke isinyathelo futhi iguqule lawa ma-engeli abe izinguquko ze-engeli yokuphakama. Iphrofayili nayo inomkhawulo wesikhathi: ingasetshenziswa kuphela ngemuva kokuthi ukhonkolo seluqinile.
Ukuhlaziya phansi kuvame ukwenziwa isevisi yomuntu wesithathu. Bahamba phansi bese behambisa umbiko ngakusasa noma kamuva. Uma umbiko ubonisa noma yiziphi izinkinga zokuphakama ezingacaciswanga, zidinga ukulungiswa. Yiqiniso, ukhonkolo oqinile, izinketho zokulungisa zikhawulelwe ekugayeni noma ukugcwalisa phezulu, kucatshangwa ukuthi akusikho ukuhlobisa okuveziwe. Zombili lezi zinqubo zingabangela ukubambezeleka kwezinsuku ezimbalwa. Khona-ke, indawo kufanele iphrofayili futhi ukuze kubhalwe ukuthobelana.
Izikena ze-laser zisebenza ngokushesha. Bakala ngesivinini sokukhanya. Isithwebuli se-laser sisebenzisa ukukhanya kwe-laser ukuthola zonke izindawo ezibonakalayo ezisizungezile. Idinga amaphoyinti edatha kububanzi obungu-0.1-0.5 amayintshi (ulwazi oluphezulu kakhulu ukuminyana kunochungechunge olulinganiselwe lomphrofayili lwamasampuli angu-12-intshi).
Iphuzu ngalinye ledatha yesithwebuli limele indawo esikhaleni se-3D futhi lingavezwa kukhompuyutha, njengemodeli ye-3D. Ukuskena nge-laser kuqoqa idatha eningi kangangokuthi ukubonwa kucishe kufane nesithombe. Uma kudingekile, le datha ayikwazi ukudala imephu yokuphakama kwephansi kuphela, kodwa futhi nokumelela okuningiliziwe kwegumbi lonke.
Ngokungafani nezithombe, ingazungeziswa ukuze ibonise isikhala kunoma iyiphi i-engeli. Ingasetshenziselwa ukwenza izilinganiso ezinembile zesikhala, noma ukuqhathanisa izimo ezakhiwe njengemidwebo noma amamodeli ezakhiwo. Nokho, naphezu kokuminyana kolwazi olukhulu, isithwebuli siyashesha kakhulu, siqopha amaphuzu afinyelela ezigidini ezi-2 ngomzuzwana. Sonke iskena ngokuvamile sithatha amaminithi ambalwa kuphela.
Isikhathi singadlula imali. Lapho uthela futhi uqeda ukhonkolo omanzi, isikhathi siyikho konke. Kuzothinta ikhwalithi ehlala njalo ye-slab. Isikhathi esidingekayo ukuze iphansi liqedwe futhi lilungele ukuhamba lingashintsha isikhathi sezinye izinqubo eziningi esizeni somsebenzi.
Uma ubeka iphansi elisha, isici esiseduze sesikhathi sangempela solwazi lokuskena nge-laser sinomthelela omkhulu kunqubo yokuzuza ukucaba. I-FF/FL ingahlolwa futhi ilungiswe endaweni engcono kakhulu ekwakhiweni kwaphansi: ngaphambi kokuba phansi kuqine. Lokhu kunochungechunge lwemiphumela enenzuzo. Okokuqala, iqeda ukulinda phansi ukuze iqedele umsebenzi wokulungisa, okusho ukuthi phansi ngeke kuthathe konke ukwakhiwa.
Uma ufuna ukusebenzisa iphrofayili ukuze uqinisekise phansi, kufanele uqale ulinde phansi ukuze uqine, bese uhlela isevisi yephrofayela kusayithi ukuze ilinganiswe, bese ulinda umbiko we-ASTM E1155. Kufanele-ke ulinde noma yiziphi izinkinga zokuthi zilungiswe, bese uhlela ukuhlaziya futhi, bese ulinda umbiko omusha.
Ukuskena kwe-Laser kwenzeka lapho i-slab ibekwa, futhi inkinga ixazululwa ngesikhathi senqubo yokuqeda ukhonkolo. I-slab ingaskenwa ngokushesha ngemva kokuqina ukuze kuqinisekiswe ukuthobela kwayo, futhi umbiko ungaqedwa ngalolo suku. Ukwakhiwa kungaqhubeka.
Ukuskena nge-laser kukuvumela ukuthi ufike phansi ngokushesha okukhulu. Iphinde idale indawo ekhonkolo enokuvumelana okukhulu nobuqotho. Ipuleti eliyisicaba kanye neleveli lizoba nendawo efanayo lapho lisasebenza kunepuleti okufanele lenziwe isicaba noma lenziwe ileveli ngokugcwaliswa. Izoba nokubukeka okungaguquki. Izoba ne-porosity efanayo ngaphezulu kwendawo yonke, engase ithinte impendulo kuma-coatings, ama-adhesives, nokunye ukwelashwa kwendawo. Uma ingaphezulu lifakwe isihlabathi ukuze lingcoliswe futhi lipholishwe, lizoveza i-aggregate ngokulinganayo endaweni yonke, futhi indawo engaphezulu ingase iphendule ngokungaguquguquki nangokubikezela emisebenzini yokungcolisa nokupholisha.
Izikena ze-laser ziqoqa izigidi zamaphoyinti edatha, kodwa akukho okunye, amaphuzu esikhaleni sezinhlangothi ezintathu. Ukuze uzisebenzise, udinga isofthiwe engakwazi ukuzicubungula futhi izethule. Isofthiwe yesithwebuli ihlanganisa idatha ibe amafomu ahlukahlukene awusizo futhi ingase yethulwe kukhompuyutha ephathekayo esizeni somsebenzi. Inikeza indlela yokuba ithimba labakhi libone iphansi ngeso lengqondo, likhombe noma yiziphi izinkinga, lihlobanise nendawo yangempela ephansi, futhi lisho ukuthi bungakanani ubude okufanele behliswe noma bunyuswe. Eduze kwesikhathi sangempela.
Amaphakheji e-software afana ne-ClearEdge3D's Rithm for Navisworks ahlinzeka ngezindlela ezimbalwa ezihlukene zokubuka idatha yaphansi. I-Rithm ye-Navisworks ingaphrezenta "imephu yokushisa" ebonisa ubude bephansi ngemibala ehlukene. Ingabonisa amamephu we-contour, afana namamephu we-topographic enziwe abahloli bomhlaba, lapho uchungechunge lwamajika luchaza ukuphakama okuqhubekayo. Ingase futhi inikeze imibhalo ehambisana ne-ASTM E1155 ngemizuzu esikhundleni sezinsuku.
Ngalezi zici ku-software, isithwebuli singasetshenziswa kahle emisebenzini ehlukahlukene, hhayi nje izinga lephansi. Ihlinzeka ngemodeli elinganisekayo yezimo ezakhiwe ezingathunyelwa kwezinye izinhlelo zokusebenza. Kumaphrojekthi okuvuselela, imidwebo njengoba yakhiwe ingafaniswa nemibhalo yedizayini yomlando ukusiza ukunquma ukuthi kukhona yini izinguquko. Kungenziwa kubekwe phezulu ekwakhiweni okusha ukusiza ukubona izinguquko ngeso lengqondo. Emabhilidini amasha, ingasetshenziswa ukuze kuqinisekiswe ukuhambisana nenjongo yokuklama.
Eminyakeni engaba ngu-40 edlule, inselele entsha yangena ezindlini zabantu abaningi. Kusukela ngaleso sikhathi, le nselele isibe uphawu lwempilo yesimanje. Izirekhoda zevidiyo ezihlelekayo (i-VCR) ziphoqa izakhamuzi ezijwayelekile ukuthi zifunde ukusebenzisana nezinhlelo ze-digital logic. Ukucwayiza “12:00, 12:00, 12:00″ kwezigidi zamarekhoda evidiyo angahleliwe kufakazela ubunzima bokufunda lesi sixhumi esibonakalayo.
Yonke iphakheji yesofthiwe entsha inejika lokufunda. Uma ukwenza ekhaya, ungadabula izinwele zakho futhi uqalekise njengoba kudingeka, futhi imfundo entsha yesofthiwe izokuthatha isikhathi esiningi ntambama engenzi lutho. Uma ufunda isixhumi esibonakalayo esisha emsebenzini, sizonciphisa eminye imisebenzi eminingi futhi singaholela kumaphutha abizayo. Isimo esikahle sokwethula iphakheji yesofthiwe entsha ukusebenzisa isixhumi esibonakalayo esesivele sisetshenziswa kabanzi.
Isiphi isixhumi esibonakalayo esisheshayo sokufunda uhlelo olusha lwekhompyutha? Lona osuvele uyamazi. Kuthathe iminyaka engaphezu kweshumi ukuthi ukumodela kolwazi kuqiniswe phakathi kwabadwebi bezakhiwo nonjiniyela, kodwa manje sekufikile. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ngokuba ifomethi ejwayelekile yokusabalalisa imibhalo yokwakha, sekuyinto ehamba phambili kosonkontileka abasendaweni.
Inkundla ye-BIM ekhona endaweni yokwakha inikeza isiteshi esenziwe ngomumo sokwethulwa kwezinhlelo zokusebenza ezintsha (njengesoftware yesithwebuli). Ijika lokufunda seliyisicaba ngoba ababambiqhaza abakhulu sebejwayelene nenkundla. Badinga kuphela ukufunda izici ezintsha ezingakhishwa kuyo, futhi bangaqala ukusebenzisa ulwazi olusha olunikezwa uhlelo lokusebenza ngokushesha, njengedatha yesithwebuli. I-ClearEdge3D ibone ithuba lokwenza isicelo seskena esibhekwa kakhulu i-Rith sitholakale kumasayithi amaningi wokwakha ngokulenza lihambisane ne-Navisworks. Njengenye yamaphakheji wokuxhumanisa amaphrojekthi asetshenziswa kakhulu, i-Autodesk Navisworks isiphenduke indinganiso yomkhakha we-de facto. Isezindaweni zokwakha ezweni lonke. Manje, ingabonisa imininingwane yesithwebuli futhi inokusetshenziswa okubanzi okubanzi.
Uma iskena siqoqa izigidi zamaphoyinti edatha, angamaphuzu esikhaleni se-3D. Isofthiwe yeskena njenge-Rithm ye-Navisworks inesibopho sokwethula le datha ngendlela ongayisebenzisa. Ingabonisa amagumbi njengamaphoyinti edatha, hhayi nje ukuskena indawo yawo, kodwa futhi nokuqina (ukukhanya) kokuboniswa kanye nombala wendawo, ukuze ukubuka kubukeke njengesithombe.
Nokho, ungakwazi ukushintshanisa ukubuka futhi ubuke isikhala kunoma iyiphi i-engeli, uzulazule kuso njengemodeli ye-3D, futhi uze usilinganise. Ku-FF/FL, okunye okubonwayo okudume kakhulu nokuwusizo imephu yokushisa, ebonisa phansi ekubukeni kohlelo. Amaphuzu aphakeme namaphuzu aphansi anikezwa ngemibala ehlukene (ngezinye izikhathi ebizwa ngokuthi izithombe zombala wamanga), isibonelo, obomvu umele amaphuzu aphezulu futhi oluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka umele amaphuzu aphansi.
Ungenza izilinganiso ezinembile kusuka kumephu yokushisa ukuze uthole ngokunembile indawo ehambisanayo esitezini sangempela. Uma iskena sibonisa izinkinga zokucaba, imephu yokushisa iyindlela esheshayo yokuyithola futhi uyilungise, futhi iwukubuka okuncanyelwayo kokuhlaziywa kwe-FF/FL kusayithi.
Isofthiwe ingaphinda idale amamephu ekhonsathi, uchungechunge lwemigqa emele ubude bephansi obuhlukene, obufana namamephu e-topographic asetshenziswa abahloli nabaqwali. Amamephu wekhonta afanele ukuthunyelwa ezinhlelweni ze-CAD, ezivame ukuba nobungane kakhulu ekudwebeni idatha yohlobo. Lokhu kuwusizo ikakhulukazi ekulungiseni noma ekuguquleni izindawo ezikhona. I-Rithm ye-Navisworks ingaphinda ihlaziye idatha futhi inikeze izimpendulo. Isibonelo, umsebenzi we-Sika-futhi-Gcwalisa ungakutshela ukuthi ingakanani impahla (efana nongqimba olungaphezulu lukasimende) oludingekayo ukuze kugcwaliswe indawo ephansi engalingani futhi yenze izinga. Ngesofthiwe yeskena efanele, ulwazi lungathulwa ngendlela oyidingayo.
Kuzo zonke izindlela zokuchitha isikhathi emisebenzini yokwakha, mhlawumbe okubuhlungu kakhulu ukulinda. Ukwethula ukuqinisekiswa kwekhwalithi yaphansi ngaphakathi kungaqeda izinkinga zokuhlela, ukulinda abaxhumanisi bezinkampani zangaphandle ukuthi bahlaziye phansi, balinde ngenkathi behlaziya phansi, futhi balinde imibiko eyengeziwe ezothunyelwa. Futhi-ke, ukulinda phansi kungavimbela eminye imisebenzi eminingi yokwakha.
Ukuba nenqubo yakho yokuqinisekisa ikhwalithi kungaqeda lobu buhlungu. Uma uyidinga, ungaskena phansi ngemizuzu. Uyazi ukuthi izohlolwa nini, futhi uyazi ukuthi uzowuthola nini umbiko we-ASTM E1155 (cishe umzuzu owodwa kamuva). Ukuba ngumnikazi wale nqubo, kunokuthembela kubaxhumanisi bezinkampani zangaphandle, kusho ukuba ngumnikazi wesikhathi sakho.
Ukusebenzisa i-laser ukuskena ukucaba kanye nezinga likakhonkolo omusha wukugeleza komsebenzi olula nokuqondile.
2. Faka isithwebuli eduze nocezu olusanda kubekwa bese uskena. Lesi sinyathelo ngokuvamile sidinga ukubekwa okukodwa kuphela. Ngosayizi ojwayelekile wocezu, ukuskena kuvame ukuthatha imizuzu emi-3-5.
4. Layisha ukuboniswa “kwemephu yokushisa” yedatha yaphansi ukuze uhlonze izindawo ezingekho esimisweni esidingekayo futhi ezidinga ukulinganiswa noma ukuleveli.
Isikhathi sokuthumela: Aug-29-2021