Ikhithi ephathekayo ingalungiswa nge-UV-curable fiberglass/vinyl ester noma i-carbon fibre/epoxy prepreg egcinwe ekamelweni lokushisa kanye nemishini yokwelapha esebenza ngebhethri. #insidemanufacturing #ingqalasizinda
Ukulungiswa kwe-prepreg patch eyelapheka nge-UV Nakuba ukulungiswa kwe-carbon fibre/epoxy prepreg okuthuthukiswe yi-Custom Technologies LLC yebhuloho eliyinhlanganisela ye-infield kubonakala kulula futhi kuyashesha, ukusetshenziswa kwe-glass fibre eqiniswe i-UV-curable vinyl ester resin Prepreg ithuthukise uhlelo olulula kakhulu. . Umthombo wesithombe: Custom Technologies LLC
Amabhuloho asebenzisekayo ajwayelekile ayimpahla ebalulekile yokusebenza kobuhlakani bezempi kanye nempahla, kanye nokubuyiselwa kwengqalasizinda yezokuthutha ngesikhathi sezinhlekelele zemvelo. Izakhiwo eziyinhlanganisela ziyacutshungulwa ukuze kwehliswe isisindo samabhuloho anjalo, ngaleyo ndlela kwehliswe umthwalo ezimotweni zokuthutha kanye nezindlela zokuqalisa kabusha. Uma kuqhathaniswa namabhuloho ensimbi, izinto eziyinhlanganisela nazo zinamandla okukhulisa umthamo wokuthwala umthwalo nokwelula impilo yesevisi.
I-Advanced Modular Composite Bridge (AMCB) iyisibonelo. I-Seemann Composites LLC (Gulfport, Mississippi, US) kanye ne-Materials Sciences LLC (Horsham, PA, US) zisebenzisa i-carbon fibre-reinforced epoxy laminates (Umfanekiso 1). ) Ukuklama nokwakha). Kodwa-ke, ikhono lokulungisa izakhiwo ezinjalo ensimini kube yinkinga evimbela ukwamukelwa kwezinto ezihlanganisiwe.
Umfanekiso 1 Ibhuloho eliyinhlanganisela, impahla eyisihluthulelo ye-infield I-Advanced Modular Composite Bridge (AMCB) yaklanywa futhi yakhiwa yi-Seemann Composites LLC kanye ne-Materials Sciences LLC kusetshenziswa izinhlanganisela ze-carbon fibre reinforced epoxy resin. Umthombo wesithombe: I-Seeman Composites LLC (kwesokunxele) kanye ne-US Army (kwesokudla).
Ngo-2016, i-Custom Technologies LLC (Millersville, MD, US) yathola uxhaso lwe-US Army oluxhaswe ngezimali zeSmall Business Innovation Research (SBIR) ISigaba 1 sokuthuthukisa indlela yokulungisa engenziwa ngempumelelo esizeni ngamasosha. Ngokusekelwe kule ndlela, isigaba sesibili sesibonelelo se-SBIR sanikezwa ngo-2018 ukuze kuboniswe izinto ezintsha kanye nemishini esebenza ngebhethri, ngisho noma isichibi senziwe ngumfundi ngaphandle kokuqeqeshwa kwangaphambili, i-90% noma ngaphezulu yesakhiwo ingabuyiselwa i-Raw. amandla. Ukuba nokwenzeka kobuchwepheshe kunqunywa ngokwenza uchungechunge lokuhlaziya, ukukhethwa kwezinto ezibonakalayo, ukukhiqizwa kwesampula kanye nemisebenzi yokuhlola imishini, kanye nokulungiswa kwezinga elincane nokugcwele.
Umcwaningi oyinhloko ezigabeni ezimbili ze-SBIR nguMichael Bergen, umsunguli nomongameli weCustom Technologies LLC. U-Bergen uthathe umhlalaphansi e-Carderock ye-Naval Surface Warfare Center (NSWC) futhi wasebenza eMnyangweni Wezakhiwo Nezinto Zokusebenza iminyaka engu-27, lapho ayephethe khona ukuthuthukiswa kanye nokusetshenziswa kobuchwepheshe obuyinhlanganisela emkhunjini we-US Navy. UDkt. Roger Crane wajoyina i-Custom Technologies ngo-2015 ngemva kokuthatha umhlalaphansi ku-US Navy ngo-2011 futhi usesebenze iminyaka engu-32. Ubuchwepheshe bakhe bezinto ezihlanganisiwe buhlanganisa ukushicilelwa kwezobuchwepheshe kanye namalungelo obunikazi, okuhlanganisa izihloko ezifana nezinto ezintsha eziyinhlanganisela, ukukhiqizwa kwesibonelo, izindlela zokuxhuma, izinto eziyinhlanganisela yemisebenzi eminingi, ukuqapha impilo yesakhiwo, nokubuyiselwa kwezinto eziyinhlanganisela.
Laba ochwepheshe ababili basungule inqubo eyingqayizivele esebenzisa izinto eziyinhlanganisela ukulungisa imifantu ku-aluminium superstructure ye-Ticonderoga CG-47 class guided missile cruiser 5456. esikhundleni sebhodi yesikhulumi yamadola ayizigidi ezimbili kuya kwezine,” kusho uBergen. “Ngakho-ke safakazela ukuthi siyakwazi ukulungisa izinto ngaphandle kwelabhorethri nasendaweni yesevisi yangempela. Kodwa inselele ukuthi izindlela zamanje zempahla yezempi aziphumelelanga kakhulu. Inketho iyisibopho sokulungisa i-duplex [ngokuyisisekelo ezindaweni ezilimele Namathisela ibhodi phezulu] noma khipha impahla enkonzweni ukuze ilungiswe ezingeni le-warehouse (izinga le-D). Ngenxa yokuthi kudingeka ukulungiswa kwezinga le-D, izimpahla eziningi zibekwa eceleni.”
Uqhube wathi okudingekayo yindlela engenziwa ngamasosha angenawo amava ezinto eziyinhlanganisela, esebenzisa okokugcina kanye nezincwadi zokunakekela. Umgomo wethu uwukwenza inqubo ibe lula: funda imanuwali, uhlole umonakalo futhi ulungise. Asifuni ukuxuba ama-resin awuketshezi, njengoba lokhu kudinga ukulinganiswa okunembile ukuze kuqinisekiswe ukwelashwa okuphelele. Sidinga nohlelo olungenayo imfucuza eyingozi ngemva kokuqedwa kokulungiswa. Futhi kufanele ihlanganiswe njengekhithi engatshalwa yinethiwekhi ekhona. ”
Isixazululo esisodwa esakhonjiswa ngempumelelo i-Custom Technologies ikhithi ephathwayo esebenzisa ingcina ye-epoxy eqinile ukuze wenze ngendlela oyifisayo isichibi esiyinhlanganisela esinamathelayo ngokuya ngosayizi womonakalo (kufika kuma-intshi ayisikwele angu-12). Lo mbukiso uqedelwe ezintweni eziyinhlanganisela ezimelela idekhi ye-AMCB engu-3-intshi obukhulu. Impahla eyinhlanganisela inomgogodla wokhuni we-balsa owugqinsi ongu-3-intshi (amaphawundi angu-15 nge-cubic foot density) kanye nezingqimba ezimbili ze-Vectorply (Phoenix, Arizona, US) C -LT 1100 carbon fiber 0°/90° indwangu ethungiwe ye-biaxial, ungqimba olulodwa lwe I-C-TLX 1900 i-carbon fiber 0°/+45°/-45° izigxobo ezintathu nezingqimba ezimbili ze-C-LT 1100, isamba sezingqimba ezinhlanu. "Sinqume ukuthi ikhithi izosebenzisa ama-patches akhiwe ngaphambilini ku-laminate ye-quasi-isotropic efana ne-multi-axis ukuze isiqondiso sendwangu singabi yinkinga," kusho u-Crane.
Okulandelayo yi-matrix ye-resin esetshenziselwa ukulungiswa kwe-laminate. Ukuze ugweme ukuxuba i-resin ewuketshezi, isichibi sizosebenzisa i-prepreg. "Kodwa-ke, lezi zinselelo ziwukugcina," kuchaza uBergen. Ukuze kuthuthukiswe isixazululo sesichibi esigcinekayo, i-Custom Technologies ibambisene ne-Sunrez Corp. (El Cajon, California, USA) ukuze kwakhiwe i-glass fibre/vinyl ester prepreg engasebenzisa ukukhanya kwe-ultraviolet (UV) emizuzwini eyisithupha Ukwelapha ukukhanya. Iphinde yasebenzisana neGougeon Brothers (Bay City, Michigan, USA), eyaphakamisa ukusetshenziswa kwefilimu entsha ye-epoxy eguquguqukayo.
Ucwaningo lwangaphambili lubonise ukuthi i-epoxy resin iyinhlaka efanelekile kakhulu ye-carbon fibre prepregs-UV-curable vinyl ester kanye ne-translucent glass fiber isebenza kahle, kodwa ayelapheki ngaphansi kokuvimbela ukukhanya kwe-carbon fiber. Ngokusekelwe kufilimu entsha ye-Gougeon Brothers, i-epoxy prepreg yokugcina yelashwa ihora elingu-1 ku-210°F/99°C futhi inempilo ende yeshelufu ekamelweni lokushisa-asikho isidingo sokulondoloza izinga lokushisa eliphansi. UBergen uthe uma kudingeka izinga lokushisa eliphakeme lengilazi (Tg) elidingekayo, inhlaka izophinde yelashwe ezingeni lokushisa eliphakeme, elifana no-350°F/177°C. Womabili ama-prepreg anikezwa kukhithi yokulungisa ephathekayo njengesitaki sama-prepreg patches avaliwe emvilophini yefilimu yepulasitiki.
Njengoba ikhithi yokulungisa ingase igcinwe isikhathi eside, i-Custom Technologies iyadingeka ukuze kuqhutshwe isifundo sempilo yeshelufu. "Sithenge izindawo ezine zepulasitiki eziqinile-uhlobo lwezempi olujwayelekile olusetshenziswa ezintweni zokuhamba-futhi safaka amasampula e-epoxy adhesive kanye ne-vinyl ester prepreg endaweni ebiyelwe ngayinye," kusho uBergen. Amabhokisi abe esebekwa ezindaweni ezine ezihlukene ukuze ahlolwe: uphahla lwemboni yakwaGougeon Brothers eMichigan, uphahla lwesikhumulo sezindiza saseMaryland, indawo engaphandle eYucca Valley (ogwadule lwaseCalifornia), kanye nelabhorethri yokuhlola ukugqwala kwangaphandle eningizimu yeFlorida. Wonke amacala anabagawuli bedatha, uBergen uyaphawula, “Sithatha idatha namasampula ezinto ezibonakalayo ukuze ahlolwe njalo ngemva kwezinyanga ezintathu. Izinga lokushisa eliphezulu elirekhodwe emabhokisini e-Florida nase-California ngu-140°F, elilungele iningi lama-resin okubuyisela. Kuyinselele yangempela.” Ngaphezu kwalokho, i-Gougeon Brothers yahlola ngaphakathi i-epoxy resin ehlanzekile esanda kwakhiwa. "Amasampula afakwe kuhhavini ku-120 ° F izinyanga ezimbalwa aqala ukupholisa," kusho uBergen. "Kodwa-ke, kumasampula ahambisanayo agcinwe ku-110 ° F, i-resin chemistry ithuthuke ngenani elincane."
Ukulungiswa kwaqinisekiswa ebhodini lokuhlola kanye nale modeli yesikali ye-AMCB, esebenzise i-laminate efanayo kanye nezinto eziwumgogodla njengebhuloho lokuqala elakhiwe i-Seemann Composites. Umthombo wesithombe: Custom Technologies LLC
Ukuze kuboniswe inqubo yokulungisa, i-laminate emele kufanele yenziwe, yonakaliswe futhi ilungiswe. "Esigabeni sokuqala sephrojekthi, ekuqaleni sasebenzisa imishayo emincane engu-4 x 48-intshi kanye nokuhlolwa kokugoba okunamaphuzu amane ukuze sihlole ukuthi kungenzeka yini inqubo yethu yokulungisa," kusho uKlein. “Khona-ke, sishintshele kumaphaneli angu-12 x 48 intshi esigabeni sesibili sephrojekthi, safaka imithwalo ukuze sikhiqize isimo se-biaxial sokucindezeleka ukuze sibangele ukwehluleka, bese sihlola ukusebenza kokulungisa. Esigabeni sesibili, siphinde saphothula imodeli ye-AMCB esakhele i-Maintenance.”
U-Bergen uthe iphaneli yokuhlola esetshenziselwa ukufakazela ukusebenza kokulungisa yakhiwe kusetshenziswa umugqa ofanayo wama-laminates nezinto eziyinhloko njenge-AMCB eyakhiwe yi-Seemann Composites, "kodwa sinciphise ubukhulu bephaneli ukusuka ku-0.375 amayintshi kuya ku-0.175 amayintshi, ngokusekelwe ku-parallel axis theorem. . Kunjalo. Indlela, kanye nezici ezengeziwe ze-beam theory kanye ne-classical laminate theory [CLT], yasetshenziswa ukuxhumanisa isikhathi sokunganyakazi kanye nokuqina okusebenzayo kwe-AMCB yesikali esigcwele ngomkhiqizo wedemo wosayizi omncane okulula ukuwuphatha nokunye okwengeziwe. kuqiza kahle. Bese, thina Imodeli yokuhlaziywa kwesici esinqunyelwe [FEA] eyakhiwe yi-XCraft Inc. (Boston, Massachusetts, USA) yasetshenziswa ukuthuthukisa idizayini yokulungisa izakhiwo.” Indwangu ye-carbon fibre esetshenziselwa amaphaneli okuhlola kanye nemodeli ye-AMCB ithengwe kwa-Vectorply, futhi i-balsa core yenziwa i-Core Composites (Bristol, RI, US) enikeziwe.
Isinyathelo 1. Le phaneli yokuhlola ibonisa ububanzi bembobo engamayintshi angu-3 ukuze ilingise umonakalo omakwe phakathi nendawo futhi ilungise isiyingi. Umthombo wesithombe wazo zonke izinyathelo: Custom Technologies LLC.
Isinyathelo sesi-2. Sebenzisa umshini wokugaya osebenza ngebhethri ukuze ukhiphe izinto ezilimele futhi uvale indawo yokulungisa nge-taper engu-12:1.
"Sifuna ukulingisa izinga eliphezulu lomonakalo ebhodini lokuhlola kunalokho ongase ubonakale emphemeni webhuloho enkundleni," kuchaza uBergen. “Ngakho indlela yethu wukusebenzisa isaha ukwenza imbobo engu-3 inch. Bese, sikhipha ipulaki lento eyonakele bese sisebenzisa umshini wokugaya ophethwe ngesandla ukuze sicubungule isikhafu esingu-12:1.”
I-Crane yachaza ukuthi ukulungiswa kwe-carbon fiber/epoxy, uma impahla yephaneli "eyonakele" isusiwe futhi isikhafu esifanele sisetshenziswa, i-prepreg izosikwa ibe ububanzi nobude ukuze ifane ne-taper yendawo eyonakele. “Ephaneli yethu yokuhlola, lokhu kudinga izendlalelo ezine ze-prepreg ukugcina impahla yokulungisa ihambisana nangaphezulu kwephaneli yekhabhoni engonakalisiwe yasekuqaleni. Ngemuva kwalokho, izingqimba ezintathu zokumboza ze-carbon/epoxy prepreg zigxilwe kulokhu Engxenyeni elungisiwe. Ungqimba ngalunye olulandelanayo lunweba iyintshi elingu-1 kuzo zonke izinhlangothi zongqimba olungezansi, olunikeza ukudluliswa komthwalo kancane kancane usuka empahleni ezungezile “enhle” uye endaweni elungisiwe.” Isikhathi esiphelele sokwenza lokhu kulungisa-okuhlanganisa ukulungiswa kwendawo yokulungisa, Ukusika nokubeka impahla yokubuyisela nokusebenzisa inqubo yokwelapha-cishe amahora angu-2.5.
Nge-carbon fibre/epoxy prepreg, indawo yokulungisa ifakwe i-vacuum futhi yelashwe ku-210°F/99°C ihora elilodwa kusetshenziswa i-thermal bonder esebenza ngebhethri.
Nakuba ukulungisa ikhabhoni/i-epoxy kulula futhi kuyashesha, ithimba labona isidingo sesixazululo esilungele ukubuyisela ukusebenza. Lokhu kwaholela ekuhlolweni kwe-ultraviolet (UV) yokwelapha prepregs. "Intshisekelo kuma-Sunrez vinyl ester resins isekelwe ekuhlangenwe nakho kwangaphambilini kwezempi nomsunguli wenkampani uMark Livesay," kuchaza uBergen. “Siqale sanikeza u-Sunrez indwangu yengilazi ye-quasi-isotropic, sisebenzisa i-vinyl ester prepreg yabo, futhi sahlola ijika lokupholisa ngaphansi kwezimo ezihlukene. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ngenxa yokuthi siyazi ukuthi i-vinyl ester resin ayifani ne-epoxy resin Ehlinzeka ngokusebenza okufanelekile kokunamathela kwesibili, ngakho-ke imizamo eyengeziwe iyadingeka ukuze kuhlolwe ama-agent ahlukahlukene wokuhlanganisa ungqimba olunamathelayo nokunquma ukuthi iyiphi elungele isicelo.
Enye inkinga ukuthi imicu yengilazi ayikwazi ukunikeza izici ezifanayo zemishini njenge-carbon fibers. "Uma kuqhathaniswa ne-carbon / epoxy patch, le nkinga ixazululwa ngokusebenzisa isendlalelo esengeziwe seglasi / i-vinyl ester," kusho u-Crane. "Isizathu sokuthi kungani kudingeka ungqimba olulodwa kuphela ukuthi impahla yengilazi iyindwangu esindayo." Lokhu kukhiqiza isiqeshana esifanelekile esingase sisetshenziswe futhi sihlanganiswe phakathi nemizuzu eyisithupha ngisho nakumazinga okushisa angaphakathi abanda kakhulu/abanda kakhulu. Ukwelapha ngaphandle kokunikeza ukushisa. UCrane uveze ukuthi lo msebenzi wokulungisa ungaqedwa lingakapheli ihora.
Womabili amasistimu wokuchibiyela abonisiwe futhi ahlolwa. Ekulungiseni ngakunye, indawo ezolinyazwa imakwe (isinyathelo 1), idalwe ngesaha lembobo, bese isuswa kusetshenziswa umshini wokugaya osebenza ngebhethri (isinyathelo sesi-2). Bese usika indawo elungisiwe ibe yi-taper engu-12: 1. Hlanza ingaphezulu lesikhafu ngephedi yotshwala (isinyathelo sesi-3). Okulandelayo, usike isiqephu sokulungisa sibe usayizi othile, usibeke endaweni ehlanzekile (isinyathelo sesi-4) futhi usihlanganise nge-roller ukuze ususe ama-bubbles emoyeni. Ukuze uthole i-glass fibre/UV-curing vinyl ester prepreg, bese ubeka isendlalelo sokukhulula endaweni elungisiwe futhi welaphe isiqeshana ngesibani se-UV esingenantambo imizuzu eyisithupha (isinyathelo sesi-5). Ukuze uthole i-carbon fibre/epoxy prepreg, sebenzisa i-thermal bonder ehlelwe ngaphambilini, inkinobho eyodwa, enamandla ngebhethri ukuze ukhiphe iphekhi futhi welaphe indawo elungisiwe kokuthi 210°F/99°C ihora elilodwa.
Isinyathelo sesi-5. Ngemva kokubeka isendlalelo sokucwecwa endaweni elungisiwe, sebenzisa isibani se-UV esingenantambo ukuze uphulukise isichibi imizuzu engu-6.
"Bese senza izivivinyo zokuhlola ukunamathela kwe-patch kanye nekhono layo lokubuyisela umthamo wokuthwala umthwalo wesakhiwo," kusho uBergen. “Esigabeni sokuqala, sidinga ukufakazela ukusebenziseka kalula kanye nekhono lokubuyisa okungenani u-75% wamandla. Lokhu kwenziwa ngokugoba amaphuzu amane ku-4 x 48 inch carbon fiber/epoxy resin kanye ne-balsa core beam ngemva kokulungisa umonakalo owenziwe. Yebo. Isigaba sesibili sephrojekthi sisebenzise iphaneli engu-12 x 48 amayintshi, futhi kufanele sibonise izimfuneko zamandla ezingaphezu kuka-90% ngaphansi kwemithwalo enzima. Sihlangabezane nazo zonke lezi zidingo, sabe sesithwebula izindlela zokulungisa kumodeli ye-AMCB. Indlela yokusebenzisa ubuchwepheshe be-infield kanye nemishini ukunikeza ireferensi ebonakalayo."
Isici esibalulekile sephrojekthi ukufakazela ukuthi abaqalayo bangaqedela ukulungisa kalula. Ngenxa yalesi sizathu, uBergen waba nombono: “Ngithembise ukukhombisa oxhumana nabo ababili bezobuchwepheshe eButhweni Lezempi: UDkt. Bernard Sia no-Ashley Genna. Ekubuyekezeni kokugcina kwesigaba sokuqala somsebenzi, angicelanga ukulungiswa. U-Ashley onolwazi wenze ukulungisa. Esebenzisa ikhithi nebhukwana esimnike lona, wasebenzisa isiqeshana futhi waqeda ukulungisa ngaphandle kwezinkinga.”
Umfanekiso 2 Umshini wokuhlanganisa osetshenziswa yibhethri osebenza ngamandla webhethri ukwelapha isichibi sokulungisa i-carbon fibre/epoxy ngokucindezela inkinobho, ngaphandle kwesidingo solwazi lokulungisa noma ukuhlelwa komjikelezo wokwelapha. Umthombo wesithombe: Custom Technologies, LLC
Enye intuthuko ebalulekile uhlelo lokuphulukisa olusebenza ngebhethri (Umfanekiso 2). “Ngokulungiswa kwe-infield, unamandla ebhethri kuphela,” kusho uBergen. "Zonke izinto zokusebenza ezikukhithi yokulungisa esizikhiqizile azinantambo." Lokhu kufaka phakathi i-thermal bonding esebenza ngebhethri ethuthukiswe ngokuhlanganyela yi-Custom Technologies kanye nomshini wokubopha oshisayo i-WichiTech Industries Inc. (Randallstown, Maryland, USA) umshini. "Le bhondi eshisayo esebenza ngebhethri ihlelwe kusengaphambili ukuze iqedele ukuphulukiswa, ngakho-ke abaqalayo akudingeki bahlele umjikelezo wokwelapha," kusho u-Crane. "Badinga nje ukucindezela inkinobho ukuze baqedele irempu efanele futhi bacwile." Amabhethri asetshenziswayo njengamanje angahlala unyaka ngaphambi kokuthi ashajwe kabusha.
Ngokuphothulwa kwesigaba sesibili sephrojekthi, i-Custom Technologies ilungiselela iziphakamiso zokuthuthukiswa kokulandelela futhi iqoqe izincwadi ezithakaselwayo nokusekelwa. “Inhloso yethu wukuvuthisa lobu buchwepheshe ku-TRL 8 bese sibuletha enkundleni,” kusho uBergen. "Siphinde sibone amathuba okufaka izicelo okungezona ezombutho wezempi."
Ichaza ubuciko obudala obusemuva kokuqiniswa kwefayibha yokuqala embonini, futhi inokuqonda okujulile kwesayensi yefiber entsha kanye nentuthuko yesikhathi esizayo.
Iza maduzane futhi indiza okokuqala, i-787 incike emisha yezinto ezihlanganisiwe nezinqubo zokufeza izinhloso zayo.
Isikhathi sokuthumela: Sep-02-2021