imishini yokugaya ukhonkolo

Ubuchwepheshe bakamuva bomshini wokugaya bungagcina ukubekezelelana okuqinile futhi kwandise ukukhiqizwa, kuyilapho kunciphisa isidingo sabasebenzi.
Ubuchwepheshe obusha bomshini wokugaya bukuvumela ukuthi ufinyelele ukubekezelelana okuqinile, ugcine ukukhiqiza okuphezulu futhi ugweme ukubeka izimfuno ezintsha kubasebenzi bokugaya. U-Tom Chastain, u-Wirtgen American Milling Product Manager, uthe: “Isizukulwane esisha sokulawula ukuthambeka, ubuchwepheshe bemigqomo yokugaya kanye nesistimu entsha yokusebenza kwenza kube lula ukukhulisa umkhiqizo kunangaphambili kuyilapho sifinyelela izinga eliphezulu.”
Inqubo yokumisa imishini yokusika nokuqapha nayo yenziwe yaba lula. “Uma kuqhathaniswa nemishini yesizukulwane esidala, ukuxilonga okusebhodini, izilungiselelo ezilula zokulawula ukuthambeka kanye nezinqubo zokulinganisa okuzenzakalelayo kunciphisa kakhulu izibopho zomsebenzisi,” kusho u-Kyle Hammon, imenenja yokuthengisa ezobuchwepheshe ye-Astec.
Ukuze ukwandise okukhiphayo kanye nekhwalithi ephezulu, umshini wokugaya kufanele ukwazi ukubona umthwalo oshintshayo emshinini futhi usabele ngokufanele. Umgomo we-Astec uwukugcina amaphethini okugaya eqophelo eliphezulu ngenkathi kukhulisa okukhiphayo nokuvikela imishini nabasebenzi. Yilapho ubuchwepheshe bakamuva busebenza khona. Amanye amamodeli emishini emisha yokugaya anesistimu yokusebenza evumela opharetha ukuthi akhethe phakathi kwezindlela zokugaya. Lokhu kuvumela opharetha ukuthi alawule imodi.
“Ungatshela umshini ukuthi unasiphi isikhala sommese nesigubhu nokuthi iyiphi ikhwalithi yephethini ofuna ukuyifinyelela,” kusho uChastain. Lezi zilungiselelo zinganikeza nokuqondisisa ngethuluzi lokusika olisebenzisayo. “Umshini ubala lokhu kwaziswa bese unquma ijubane lomshini, isivinini sesigubhu esisikayo, ngisho nenani lamanzi. Lokhu kuvumela opharetha ukuthi bagcine imigqa yabo yokukhiqiza futhi badlulisele izinto zokusebenza ngenkathi umshini wenza okunye.
Ukuze kuthuthukiswe ukukhiqizwa kanye nekhwalithi yendawo ephezulu, imishini yokugaya kufanele ikwazi ukubona imithwalo eguqukayo futhi iphendule ngokufanele. "Ukulawulwa komthwalo wenjini kanye nezinhlelo zokulawula ukudonsa zikhona ukuze kugcinwe umshini usebenza ngesivinini esingaguquki futhi ukuvimbela ukuguqulwa okungazelelwe kwesivinini sokusebenza ekubangeleni ukukhubazeka endaweni egayiwe," kusho u-Harmon.
“Uhlelo olusebenzayo lokulawula umthwalo olunjengokulawula umthwalo weCaterpillar luvumela osebenzisa umshini ukuthi aphushe umshini ufike kumthamo wawo omkhulu ngaphandle kwengozi yokuma komshini,” kusho uJameson Smieja, umxhumanisi wezokuthengisa weCaterpillar emhlabeni wonke. "Lokhu kungakhuphula kakhulu umkhiqizo womshini ngokuqagela ukuthi opharetha uwuphusha kanzima kangakanani umshini."
I-Caterpillar iphinde inikeze i-cruise control. "I-Cruise Control ivumela opharetha ukuthi agcine futhi abuyisele isivinini sokugaya esiqondiwe ngokucindezela inkinobho, ngaleyo ndlela kusiza isisebenzisi ukuthi sigcine iphethini engashintshi kuyo yonke iphrojekthi."
Imisebenzi efana nokulawula umthwalo iqinisekisa ukusetshenziswa kahle kakhulu kwamandla enjini atholakalayo. “Iningi lama-cold planer livumela ama-opharetha ukuthi akhethe injini ne-rotor speed abafuna ukuyisika. Ngakho-ke, ezinhlelweni zokusebenza lapho isivinini singekona ukucatshangelwa okuyinhloko noma amaloli akhawulelwe, opharetha bangakhetha isivinini esiphansi senjini nerotor ukuze banciphise ukusetshenziswa kukaphethiloli. ,” kuchaza uSmieja. “Eminye imisebenzi efana nokulawula isivinini sokungenzi lutho ivumela umshini ukuthi wehlele esivinini esiphansi sokungenzi lutho uma umisiwe, futhi ukhuphule isivinini senjini kuphela njengoba kudingeka uma imisebenzi ethile yenziwe yasebenza.”
Isistimu yokulawula umshini ka-Wirtgen's MILL ASSIST isiza opharetha ukuthi bathuthukise imiphumela yenqubo yokugaya. U-Wirtgen Wirtgen ugxile ekwandiseni izindleko zokusebenza. "Inguqulo yakamuva yomshini iyonga kakhulu ngokusetshenziswa kukaphethiloli, amanzi namathuluzi, kuyilapho [yehlisa] amazinga omsindo," kusho uChastain. “Ukuba nohlelo olusebenzayo olwazisa umshini ngalokho esizama ukukufeza, kanye nokudluliswa okusha kwamagiya amabili, kuvumela umshini ukuthi usebenze kahle kakhulu, kuyilapho uqapha nezinto ezisetshenziswayo.”
Izibambi zamathuluzi namazinyo nazo sezenziwe. "Ubuchwepheshe obusha bokusika businika ukuzethemba okwengeziwe ekusebenzeni kwethu kokugaya nokushelela," kusho uChastain. “Amathuluzi amasha e-carbide, kanye ne-PCD yamanje noma amathuluzi edayimane, asivumela ukuthi sigaye isikhathi eside ngokuguga okuncane. Lokhu kusho ukuthi asimi njalo, sizokugcina lokhu isikhathi eside. Imodeli yekhwalithi. Lezi zindlela ezintsha zakamuva kubuchwepheshe bokusika nokusebenza komshini okuphezulu kusivumela ukuthi sizuze ikhwalithi nokuphuma kwezinto ezibonakalayo. "
Ukuthandwa kwezingcezu zokusika idayimane kuyaqhubeka nokukhula. NgokukaCaterpillar, lezi zingcezu zokubhoboza zinesikhathi sokuphila esiphindwe izikhathi ezingu-80 kunezinsimbi zokubhoboza i-carbide, ezinganciphisa kakhulu isikhathi sokuphumula.
I-Astec "Lokhu kuyiqiniso ikakhulukazi ezicelweni ezinzima lapho izingcezu zokubhoboza i-carbide kumele zishintshwe izikhathi eziningi ngosuku," kusho uSmieja. “Ngaphezu kwalokho, izingcezu zokugaya idayimane zivame ukuhlala zibukhali kuwo wonke umjikelezo wokuphila kwazo, okwenza umshini ukwazi ukukhiqiza amaphethini okugaya angaguquki futhi ulondoloze ukusebenza kahle kokusika, ngaleyo ndlela andise umkhiqizo futhi wonge uphethiloli ofika ku-15%.
Ukwakhiwa kwe-rotor kubalulekile ukuze kuqinisekiswe imiphumela elindelekile. "Imiklamo eminingi ye-rotor inamazinga ahlukene okusika izikhala zamazinyo, okuvumela opharetha ukuthi athole ukuthungwa kwephethini okudingekayo endaweni yokugcina egayiwe ngenkathi esusa izinto eziningi ngangokunokwenzeka," kusho uSmieja.
Ngokufinyelela izinga eliqondiwe ngokokuqala ngqá futhi uqede ukusebenza kabusha, umshini wokugaya ofakwe ubuchwepheshe bakamuva bokulawula izinga kulindeleke ukuthi ukhuphule kakhulu umkhiqizo, ukuze izindleko zokuqala zokutshala zibuyiselwe ngokushesha.
“Ngenxa yezinhlelo zesimanje zokulawula amabanga, imishini yokugaya yanamuhla inganemba kakhulu futhi ikhiqize amakhonsathi abushelelezi,” kusho uSmieja. “Ngokwesibonelo, ama-Cat cold planers afika ajwayelekile ne-Cat GRADE, enemisebenzi yemithambeka nemithambeka, ehlinzeka ngokuguquguquka nokuguquguquka kwanoma iyiphi inombolo yezicelo. Ukuthi umgomo uwukususwa okuhlosiwe kokujula, ukugaya ukuze kuthuthukiswe ukushelela, noma Ukugaywa kuya kumakhonsana wedizayini anembile, Ikati GRADE lingasethwa futhi lilungiswe ukuze kuzuzwe imiphumela engcono kakhulu cishe kuzo zonke izinhlelo zokusebenza.”
Ukulawula ukuthambeka kuthuthukisiwe ukuze kwenziwe kube lula ukuzuza ukujula okungaguquki kanye/noma ukuthambeka. UChastain uthe: “Ubuchwepheshe obenziwe lula kodwa obusezingeni eliphezulu buhlinzeka opharetha ngezimpendulo ezisheshayo nezinembile, kuyilapho bunciphisa ingcindezi yomsebenzi wabo.”
"Sibona ubuchwepheshe obuningi be-3D bungena embonini yokugaya," engeza. "Uma izilungiselelo zilungile, lezi zinhlelo zisebenza kahle." Isistimu yokulinganisa isebenzisa izinzwa ze-sonic ukwenza isilinganiso sobude bomshini noma ukujula okude okusika.
Umsebenzi oyinkimbinkimbi uhambisana nokulawula ukuthambeka kwe-3D. "Uma kuqhathaniswa nezinhlelo ezijwayelekile ze-2D, uhlelo lokulawula ukuthambeka kwe-3D lwenza umshini ugaye ngokunemba okuphezulu," kusho u-Hammon. “Kumaphrojekthi ayinkimbinkimbi kakhulu adinga ukujula okuhlukile kanye nemithambeka engemuva, uhlelo lwe-3D luzokwenza ngokuzenzakalelayo lezi zinguquko.
"Uhlelo lwe-3D ludinga ngempela ukudala imodeli yedijithali esekelwe kudatha yomgwaqo eqoqwe ngaphambi komsebenzi wokugaya," esho. "Uma kuqhathaniswa nemisebenzi evamile ye-2D, ukwakha nokusebenzisa amamodeli edijithali emshinini wokugaya kudinga umsebenzi owengeziwe kusengaphambili kanye nemishini eyengeziwe."
I-CaterpillarPlus, akuwona wonke umsebenzi olungele ukugaya nge-3D. "Nakuba ukugaya kwe-3D kunikeza ukunemba okungcono kakhulu okuhlobene nokucaciswa kokuklama, ubuchwepheshe obudingekayo ukuze kufezwe lokho kunemba kudinga ukutshalwa kwezimali okubalulekile, kanye nokuphathwa kwesayithi okwengeziwe okufanelekile kuphela kuzicelo ezikhethekile," kusho uSmieja.
"Izindawo zokusebenza ezinemigqa emihle yokubona, amabanga alawulekayo, kanye nokuphazamiseka okuncane eziteshini zokulawula ze-3D (njengezikhumulo zezindiza) zingamakhandidethi ahle azozuza ekulawuleni ukuthambeka kwe-3D, okusiza ukuhlangabezana nemithethonqubo eqinile," esho. “Kodwa-ke, ukulawulwa komthambeka we-2D, okunama-chords noma ngaphandle kwawo, kuseyindlela ephumelelayo yokuhlangabezana nemininingwane eminingi yanamuhla yokugaya ngaphandle kwesidingo sezingxenyekazi zekhompyutha ezengeziwe.”
I-Orange Crush LLC ingusonkontileka ojwayelekile ozinze e-Chicago obhekele uchungechunge lwamaphrojekthi, okuhlanganisa itiyela nokwakhiwa komgwaqo okhonkolo kanye nokumba. Ivula imigwaqo nezingxenye ezingaphansi kanye nezindawo ezithengiswayo.
"Singasebenzisa izitshalo ze-asphalt eziyisithupha endaweni yaseChicago," kusho uSumie Abdish, umphathi jikelele. “Sinamaqembu amahlanu okugaya nemishini yokugaya eyisikhombisa (imishini yokugaya).”
Ngosizo lwe-SITECH Midway, i-Orange Crush ikhethe ukufaka isistimu yokulawula eyinhloko ye-Trimble 3D emshinini wayo wokugaya wakamuva we-Roadtec RX 700. Nakuba ukugaya kwe-3D kukusha, usonkontileka unolwazi olubanzi ekuphendeni kwe-3D.
"Siqale sahlomisa amapaver ethu ngoba bese sicishe sawuqeda umgwaqo okhokhelwayo," kusho u-Abdish. Kodwa ucabanga ukuthi indlela engcono kakhulu ukuqala ngomshini wokugaya. “Ngikholelwa kakhulu ekutheni ngiqale phansi. Ngicabanga ukuthi kungcono wenze ukugaya kwe-3D kuqala, bese uhlanganisa izinto ezigayiwe.”
Isixazululo sesiteshi se-3D sivumela ukulawula okuqinile kwazo zonke izici ukusuka kokuphumayo kuye ekunembeni. Lokhu kubonakale kuzuzisa ngempela iphrojekthi yakamuva yaseNorfolk Southern Railway Yard e-Englewood, e-Illinois. I-Orange Crush kufanele igcine amamaki aqinile, futhi ubuchwepheshe besiteshi se-3D buqeda isidingo sokuhlala udweba izinombolo phambi komshini wokugaywa kanye nokuphinda uhlole umsebenzi.
“Sinomuntu olandela isigayo nge-rover, kunezindleko ezithe xaxa, kodwa kungcono kunokubuyela emuva ngoba sigeje imiphumela emibili noma emithathu kweyishumi,” kuphawula u-Abdish.
Ukunemba kwesistimu ye-Astec kufakazelwe ukuthi ilungile. "Ithole amaphuzu emali okokuqala," kusho u-Abdish. "Okukhiphayo kulolu hlelo lokusebenza kukhuphuke ngo-30%, ikakhulukazi uma unomshini wokugaya oguquguqukayo futhi ugcina ukuphakama nokuthambekela okuthile endaweni ngayinye."
Ubuchwepheshe budinga ukutshalwa kwezimali okuningi, kodwa ukubuyisela kungashesha kakhulu. I-Orange Crush ilinganisela ukuthi isibuyise cishe ingxenye yotshalomali lwayo lobuchwepheshe kuphrojekthi yaseNorfolk South iyodwa. "Ngizosho ukuthi ngalesi sikhathi ngonyaka ozayo, sizokhokha uhlelo," kubikezela u-Abdish.
Ukusethwa kwesayithi ngokuvamile kuthatha cishe amahora amabili nge-Orange Crush. "Ngesikhathi sokuqala uphuma uyohlola, kufanele ubale amahora amabili ekuseni futhi ulinganise isikhathi ngasinye lapho udlulisela umshini usuka komunye umsebenzi uye komunye," kusho u-Abdish. “Ngaphambi kokuthi uthumele iloli lapho, kufanele uthole umshini lapho kusasele amahora ambalwa.”
Kosonkontileka, ukuqeqeshwa komsebenzisi akuyona inselele enzima. “Akuyona inselelo enkulu njengoba bengicabanga,” kukhumbula u-Abdish. "Ngicabanga ukuthi ijika lokufunda le-paver lide kunalelo lopholisha."
Umuntu ophethe isiqondiso sokulinganisa/ukulawula umshini unesibopho sokumisa umsebenzi ngamunye. "Uzophuma ukuze alawule wonke umsebenzi, bese esebenzisana ne-SITECH ukwenza isilinganiso sokuqala somshini," kusho u-Abdish. Ukugcina lo muntu enolwazi lwakamuva yingxenye ebaluleke kakhulu yokuqeqeshwa. "Abasebenzi bangempela bakwamukela ngokushesha."
Ngenxa yokuhlangenwe nakho okuhle okuzuziwe, i-Orange Crush ihlela ukwandisa amandla ayo okugaya e-3D ngokwengeza isistimu ye-Trimble ku-Wirtgen 220A esanda kutholwa. "Uma unephrojekthi, unokuthile okuzokugcina ekulawuleni okuqinile kwezikhundla, okuwumbono nje," kusho u-Abdish. "Lokhu kuyinto enkulu kimi."
Izinga elikhulayo lokuzenzakalelayo nokulawula okwenziwe lula kusho ukuthi abasebenzi akudingeki bacindezele izinkinobho njalo, ngaleyo ndlela behlise ijika lokufunda. "Ngokwenza isilawuli sokusebenza nokulawula ukuthambekela kusebenziseka kalula, abaqhubi be-novice bangasebenzisa umshini omusha kalula, esikhundleni somshini oneminyaka engu-30 ubudala odinga ikhono nokubekezela okukhulu ukuze uphumelele," kusho u-Chastain.
Ngaphezu kwalokho, umenzi unikeza izici eziyingqayizivele ezingenza lula futhi zisheshise ukusethwa komshini. “Inzwa ehlanganiswe emshinini ivumela ukusetshenziswa kwemisebenzi ye-Caterpillar's'zeroing' kanye 'ne-automatic cut transition' ukwenza lula ukusetha," kusho uSmieja.
Ubuchwepheshe bokulinganisa buka-Wirtgen bungalungisa ubude, ukujula nesikhala ukuze kutholwe imiphumela enembe kakhulu futhi kunciphise umsebenzi wesisebenzisi. Ukusetha kabusha i-Wirtgen kungabuyisela umshini ngokushesha "ekuphakameni kokuklwebha" ukuze ulungele ukusikwa okulandelayo, kuchaza uSmieja. Ukuguqulwa kokusika okuzenzakalelayo kuvumela opharetha ukuthi ahlele izinguquko ezinqunywe kusengaphambili zokujula kanye nomthambeka ngaphakathi kwebanga elinikeziwe, futhi umshini uzodala ngokuzenzakalelayo ikhonsathi edingekayo.
U-Smieja wanezela: “Ezinye izici, njengekhamera yekhwalithi ephezulu eneziqondiso ezibukhali, zenza kube lula ku-opharetha ukuqondisa umshini ngendlela efanele ekuqaleni kokusikwa okusha ngakunye.”
Ukunciphisa isikhathi esichithwa ekusetheni kungakhuphula umugqa ophansi. "Ngokusebenzisa ubuchwepheshe bamuva, ukusetha umshini wokugaya ukuthi uqale sekulula," kusho uChastain. "Abasebenzi bokugaya bangacupha umshini ukuthi usebenze ngemizuzu embalwa."
Iphaneli yokulawula umbala yomshini wokugaya i-Roadtec (Astec) imakwe ngelebula ecacile, elula futhi eqondile ukuyisebenzisa. Ubuchwepheshe be-Astec buphinde buthuthukise ukuphepha. "Izici zakamuva ezisetshenziswe emshinini wokugaya we-Astec CMS zihlobene nokuphepha," kusho uHammon. “Uma kutholwa umuntu noma into enkulu ngemuva komshini lapho uhlehla, isistimu yokubona into engemuva izomisa umshini wokugaya. Uma umuntu esephumile lapho kutholwa khona, osebenza naye angakwazi ukuhlehlisa indlela yomshini.”
Kodwa-ke, nangale ntuthuko, ukugaya kusengenye yezinhlelo zokusebenza okunzima ukuzishintsha. "Mina ngokwami ​​ngicabanga ukuthi ukugaya kuhlale kudinga izinto ezithinta abantu," kusho uChastain. “Uma izinto zihamba kahle, abashayeli bayakuzwa. Lapho izinto zingahambi kahle, bayezwa. Kuyasiza kakhulu ukwenza le mishini iphephe futhi isebenze kalula.”
Ukuvimbela isikhathi sokuphumula kugcina iphrojekthi yokugaya isendleleni. Yilapho ubuchwepheshe be-telematics bushintsha khona imithetho yomdlalo.
"I-Telematics iyithuluzi elinamandla lokunciphisa isikhathi sokuphumula nokuqoqa idatha yokusebenza ngesikhathi sangempela," kusho u-Hammon. "Idatha yokukhiqiza, ukusetshenziswa kukaphethiloli nesikhathi sokungenzi lutho kuyizibonelo ezimbalwa zolwazi olungatholwa ukude uma kusetshenziswa isistimu ye-telematics."
I-Astec ihlinzeka ngohlelo lwe-Guardian telematics. "Uhlelo lwe-Guardian telematics luvumela ukuxhumana okubili phakathi komshini nomsebenzisi wokugcina noma uchwepheshe wesevisi ogunyaziwe," kusho u-Hammon. "Lokhu kunikeza izinga eliphezulu lokugcinwa nokuqoqwa kwedatha emshinini ngamunye."
Uma kunenkinga ngomshini wokugaya, udinga ukukhonjwa futhi ulungiswe ngokushesha okukhulu. UChastain uthe: “Umshini omusha wokugaya akufanele nje wenze umsebenzi ube lula, kodwa futhi wenze kube lula ukuxilonga nokuxazulula izinkinga zale mishini.” Ukuncipha komshini kubi kakhulu. ”
U-Wirtgen wenze uhlelo lokwazisa abasebenzisi ngezinkinga ezingaba khona. UChastain uthe: “Le mishini emisha izokwazisa oyisebenzisayo lapho umshini othile ungavulwanga, ungasebenzi, noma uvele ucishwe ngephutha.” "Lokhu kulindeleke ukuthi kwehlise isibalo semigodi [ebeseyivele] ivaliwe emgwaqeni eminyakeni embalwa edlule."
I-Wirtgen iphinde yasungula ukungasasebenzi emshinini wayo wokugaya ukuze kuncishiswe isikhathi sokuphumula. "Ngesikhathi sehluleka, kwakukhona isipele esakhelwe ngaphakathi, ngakho umshini wokugaya ungaqhubeka nokusebenza ngaphandle kokudela izinga noma ukukhiqizwa," kusho uChastain.