imishini yokugaya ekhonkolo

Ubuchwepheshe bamuva bokugaya bungagcina ukubekezelelana okuqinile futhi bandise ukukhiqizwa, ngenkathi benciphisa isidingo sabasebenzi.
Ubuchwepheshe obusha bomshini we-Milling likuvumela ukuthi uzuze ukubekezelela okunzima, gcina ukukhiqiza okuphezulu futhi uvikele ukubeka izimfuno ezintsha kubasebenzi bokugaya. UTom Chaastain, umphathi womkhiqizo wase-Wirtgen American Milling, uthe: "Isizukulwane esisha sokulawulwa kwesithambeka, ubuchwepheshe be-milling Drum kanye nohlelo olusha lokusebenza lwenza kube lula ukukhulisa ukukhiqiza kunangaphambili ngenkathi kufinyelela ikhwalithi ephezulu."
Inqubo yokusetha imishini yokusika nokuqapha nayo iyenziwe lula. "Uma kuqhathaniswa nemishini yesizukulwane esidala, ukuxilongwa kwezizukulwane ezindala, izilungiselelo ezilula zokulawulwa kwe-slope nezinqubo zokulinganisa okuzenzakalelayo zinciphisa kakhulu izibopho zopharali," kusho uKley Hammon, umphathi wezobuchwepheshe wezobuchwepheshe wezobuchwepheshe.
Ukuze wandise ukuphuma kanye nekhwalithi ephezulu, umshini wokugaya kumele ukwazi ukuthola umthwalo oguqukayo emshinini bese usabela ngokufanele. Umgomo we-ATTEC ukuvikela amaphethini wekhwalithi ephezulu ngenkathi kukhulisa okuphumayo kanye nokuvikela imishini kanye nabasebenzi. Yilapho ubuchwepheshe bamuva buqala ukudlala khona. Amanye amamodeli wemishini emisha yokugaya anohlelo lokusebenza oluvumela opharetha ukuthi akhethe phakathi kwezindlela zokugaya. Lokhu kuvumela opharetha ukuthi alawule imodi.
"Ungasho umshini ukuthi uhlaka oluyini ummese nomugqa wesigubhu onalo futhi iyiphi ikhwalithi yephethini ofuna ukuyifinyelela," kusho uChastain. Lezi zilungiselelo zingahlinzeka ngokuqonda ngethuluzi lokusika olisebenzisayo. "Umshini ubala lolu lwazi futhi unquma ijubane lomshini, ijubane lesigubhu sokusika, kanye nenani lamanzi. Lokhu kuvumela abahlinzeki ukuthi balondoloze imigqa yabo yokukhiqiza futhi badlulise izinto ezisetshenziswayo ngenkathi umshini uphumula. "
Ukuze wenze kahle ukukhiqizwa kanye nekhwalithi ephezulu, imishini yokugaya kumele ikwazi ukuthola ukuguqula imithwalo bese kusabela ngokufanele. I- "Injini yokulawula ukulawula injini nezinhlelo zokulawula ze-Traction zikhona ukugcina umshini usebenza ngejubane elingapheli futhi uvikele izinguquko ezingazelelwe ngejubane lokusebenza ekudleni okubangelwa phansi," kusho uHarmoni.
"Uhlelo olusebenzayo lokuphathwa kokulayishwa okufana nokulawulwa kwemithwalo yenkundla kuvumela opharetha ukuthi acindezele umshini abe namandla amakhulu ngaphandle kwengozi yomshini we-stalling," kusho uJamesson Smieja womhlaba jikelele wokuthengisa okuthengiswayo jikelele. "Lokhu kungakhuphula kakhulu umkhiqizo womshini ngokuqagela ukuthi opharetha ucindezela kangakanani umshini."
I-Caterpillar ibuye inikeze ngokulawulwa kokuhamba ngesikebhe. "Ukulawulwa kokuhamba ngesikebhe kuvumela opharetha ukuthi agcine futhi abuyisele isivinini sokugaya okuqondiwe ngokucindezela inkinobho, ngaleyo ndlela asiza opharetha ukuthi alondoloze iphethini elingaguquki kulo lonke iphrojekthi."
Imisebenzi efana nokulawulwa komthwalo kuqinisekisa ukusetshenziswa kahle kwamandla enjini atholakalayo. "Abahleli abaningi ababandayo bavumela abahlinzeki ukuthi bakhethe i-Injini ne-rotor isivinini abafuna ukusika. Ngakho-ke, kuzinhlelo zokusebenza lapho ijubane akuyona ukucatshangelwa okuyinhloko noma amaloli akhawulelwe, abahlinzeki bangakhetha isivinini esiphansi ne-rotor isivinini sokunciphisa ukusetshenziswa kwamafutha. , "Kuchaza uSmieja. "Eminye imisebenzi efana nokulawulwa kwejubane okungenzi lutho okuvumela umshini ukuthi wehlise isivinini esiphansi esiphansi lapho simiswa, futhi kuphela ukukhulisa ijubane le-Injini njengoba kudingeka lapho kudingeka khona imisebenzi ethile."
Uhlelo lokulawula umshini womshini wokulawula ukusiza abasebenza ngokwenza imiphumela yenqubo yokugaya. I-Wirgen Wirgen igxile ekukhulisweni kwezindleko ezikhulayo. "Uhlobo lwakamuva lomshini luyizomnotho ngokwengeziwe ngokuya ngokusetshenziswa kwamafutha, amanzi kanye nokusetshenziswa kwamathuluzi, ngenkathi [ukunciphisa] amazinga omsindo," kusho uChastain. "Ukuba nohlelo lokusebenza olwazisa umshini walokho esikuzama ukukufeza, kanye nokudluliselwa okusheshayo okubili, kuvumela umshini ukuba usebenze kahle, ngenkathi ubheka okudliwayo."
Amathuluzi amathuluzi nawo amazinyo athuthukisiwe. "Ubuchwepheshe bokusika obuyekeziwe businikeza ukuzethemba okwengeziwe ekusebenzeni kwethu kokugaya nokubushelelezi," kusho uChastain. "Amathuluzi amasha e-Carbide, kanye namathuluzi wamanje we-PCD noma amadayimane, asivumele ukuba sigaye isikhathi eside ngokugqoka okuncane. Lokhu kusho ukuthi asiyeki kaningi, sizokugcina lokhu isikhathi eside. Imodeli yekhwalithi. Lezi zinto ezintsha zakamuva kokusika ubuchwepheshe kanye nokusebenza komshini ophakeme zisivumela ukufezekisa ikhwalithi nokukhishwa kwezinto ezibonakalayo. "
Ukuthandwa kwezinto zokusika amadayimane ziyaqhubeka zikhula. Ngokusho kwesikhonkwane, lezi zingcezwana ze-drill zinesikhathi sokuphila esikhathi esingu-80 ubude kune-carbide drill bits, enganciphisa kakhulu phansi.
I-ATTEC "Lokhu kuyiqiniso ikakhulukazi ekufuneni izinhlelo zokusebenza lapho izingcezu ze-Carbide Drill kufanele zithathelwe indawo kaningi ngosuku," kusho uSmieja. "Ngaphezu kwalokho, ama-diamond drill bits ajwayele ukuhlala ebukhali kulo lonke umjikelezo wokuphila, okwenza ukuthi umshini ukhiqize amaphethini angaguquki futhi ulondoloze ukusebenza kahle kokusika, ukonga ufike ku-15% ngophethiloli."
Idizayini ye-rotor ibalulekile ukuze uqinisekise imiphumela elindelekile. "Imiklamo eminingi ye-rotor inamazinga ahlukahlukene okusika izikhala zokusika izinyo, okuvumela opharetha ukuthi athole ukuthungwa kwephethini okudingekayo endaweni yokugcina indawo yokugcina lapho esusa izinto eziningi ngangokunokwenzeka," kusho uSmieja.
Ngokufinyelela ezingeni lokuqondiswa okokuqala ngqa futhi kuqede umsebenzi wokuphinda usebenzise kabusha, umshini wokugaya ohlome ngobuchwepheshe bamuva bokulawula izinga kulindeleke ukuthi ukhuphule kakhulu umkhiqizo, ukuze izindleko zokutshala imali zokuqala zingatholwa ngokushesha.
"Ngenxa yezinhlelo zanamuhla zokulawula ebangeni, imishini yanamuhla yokugaya ingaba ngqo kakhulu futhi ikhiqize iziqubu ezibushelelezi," kusho uSmieja. "Isibonelo, abahleli bekati ababandayo beza ekilasini lekati, elinemisebenzi ethambekele kanye nokuthambekela, ukuhlinzeka ngokuguquguquka nokuguquguquka nanoma iyiphi inombolo yezicelo. Ukuthi inhloso ukususwa okujulile, ukugaya ukuthuthukisa bushelelezi, noma ukugaya ukuqondiswa okunembile ukuklama, ibanga lekati lingasetwa futhi kulungiswe ukuze kufinyelelwe imiphumela emihle cishe kuzo zonke izinhlelo zokusebenza. "
Ukulawulwa kweSlope kuthuthukisiwe ukwenza kube lula ukuzuza ukujula okungaguquki kanye / noma ukuthambeka. UChastain uthe: "Kwenziwe lula kepha ubuchwepheshe be-art-of-the-art buhlinzeka ngokusebenza ngezimpendulo ezisheshayo nezinembile, kuyilapho futhi benciphisa ingcindezi yomsebenzi wabo."
"Sibona ubuchwepheshe obuningi be-3D bangene embonini yokugaya," engeza. "Uma izilungiselelo zilungile, lezi zinhlelo zisebenza kahle." Uhlelo oluyimfihlo lusebenzisa izinzwa zomuntu sonic kubude obumaphakathi umshini noma ukujula okusheshe.
Umsebenzi oyinkimbinkimbi ulungele ukulawulwa kwe-3D slope. "Uma kuqhathaniswa nezinhlelo ezijwayelekile ze-2D, uhlelo lwe-3D Slope Control System lwenza umshini wokugaya ngokunemba okuphezulu," kusho uHamon. "Kumaphrojekthi ajwayelekile adinga ukujula okuhlukile nemithambeka ye-lateral, uhlelo lwe-3D luzokwenza lokhu ngokuzenzakalelayo kwenza lezi zinguquko.
"Uhlelo lwe-3D ludinga ngempela ukudala imodeli yedijithali ngokususelwa kwidatha yomgwaqo eqoqwe ngaphambi kokuhlinzwa kokugaya," kusho yena. "Uma kuqhathaniswa nemisebenzi yendabuko ye-2D, ukwakha kanye nokusebenzisa amamodeli edijithali emshinini wokugaya kudinga umsebenzi owengeziwe ngaphambi nangezinto ezengeziwe."
CasePillarplus, akuwona wonke umsebenzi ofanele ukugaya kwe-3D. "Ngenkathi i-3D milling ihlinzeka ngokunemba okungcono kakhulu okuhlobene nokuqamba okucacisiwe, ubuchwepheshe obudingekayo ukufezekisa ukuthi ukunemba kudinga ukutshalwa kwemali okubalulekile, kanye nokuphathwa kwesiza okungeziwe okulungele izinhlelo zokusebenza ezikhethekile kuphela," kusho uSmieja.
"Izindawo zokusebenza ezinamabanga amahle, amabanga aphethwe, kanye nokuphazanyiswa okuncane eziteshini zokulawula ezi-3D (njengezindiza zezindiza) abazongenela abazongenela ukulawulwa okusobala kwe-3D," kusho yena. "Kodwa-ke, i-2D slope control, nge-chord, iseyindlela ephumelelayo yokuhlangabezana nokucaciswa kwanamuhla kokugaya kwanamuhla ngaphandle kwesidingo se-Hardware eyengeziwe."
I-Orange Crush LLC ngusonkontileka ojwayelekile osuselwa ku-Chicago obhekele uchungechunge lwamaphrojekthi, kufaka phakathi ukwakhiwa komgwaqo nokhonkolo. Ivula imigwaqo kanye nokuhlukaniswa kanye nezentengiso zezentengiso.
"Singasebenzisa izitshalo eziyisithupha asphalt endaweni yaseChicago," kusho uSumie Abdish, umphathi ojwayelekile. "Sinamaqembu amahlanu okugaya nemishini emibili yokugaya (imishini yokugaya)."
Ngosizo lukaSitech Midway, i-Orange Crush yakhetha ukufaka uhlelo lwe-Trimble 3D Master Control System yayo yakamuva yomgwaqo we-Roadtec Rx 700 milling. Yize i-3D milling entsha, usonkontileka unesipiliyoni esibanzi ekuhambeni kwe-3D.
"Siqale sihlome izimbangi zethu ngoba cishe sasingenziwa emgaqweni [" kusho u-Abdish. Kepha ucabanga ngendlela engcono kakhulu ukuqala ngomshini wokugaya. "Ngikholelwa ngokuqinile ekuqaleni kusukela ekuqaleni. Ngicabanga ukuthi kungcono wenze kangcono i-3d milling kuqala, bese umisa izinto zokwakha ezibilisiwe ndawonye. "
Isixazululo sesiteshi sesiteshi se-3D sivumela ukulawulwa okuqinile kwazo zonke izici kusuka ekuvezeni ukunemba. Lokhu kubonise ngempela iphrojekthi yakamuva ye-Norfolk Rail Yard Cary e-Englewood, e-Illinois. I-Orange Crush kumele ilondoloze amamaki aqinile, futhi ubuchwepheshe besiteshi se-3D bususa isidingo sokudonsa njalo izinombolo phambi kwesigayo esigoqisayo futhi njalo baphinde basebenze.
"Sinomuntu obangela isigayo nge-rover, kukhona izindleko ezingezekile, kepha kungcono kunokubuyela emuva ngoba siphuthelwe yimiphumela emibili noma emithathu emiphumeleni eyishumi," kuphawula.
Ukunemba kohlelo lwe-ASTEC kufakazelwe ukuthi kulungile. "Kutholwe amaphuzu okuqala," kusho u-Abdish. "Umphumela wakho kulolu hlelo lokusebenza ukhuphuke ngo-30%, ikakhulukazi uma unomshini wokujula okuguquguqukayo futhi ugcina indawo ephakeme kanye nomthambeka esimweni ngasinye."
Ubuchwepheshe budinga ukutshalwa kwezimali okuningi, kepha ukubuyiselwa kwemali kungashesha kakhulu. Izilinganiso ze-Orange Crush ukuthi ziphinde zathola cishe isigamu sokutshalwa kwemali kobuchwepheshe eProjekthi yaseNorfolk South kuphela. "Ngizosho ukuthi ngalesi sikhathi ngonyaka olandelayo, sizokhokhela uhlelo," kubikezelwa.
Ukusethwa kwesiza kuvame ukuthatha cishe amahora amabili nge-Orange Crush. "Ngokokuqala ngqa uphuma uyokulinganisa, kufanele ubale amahora amabili ekuseni bese ulinganisa isikhathi ngasinye lapho udlulisela umshini usuka komunye umsebenzi uye komunye," kusho u-Abdish. "Ngaphambi kokuthi uthumele iloli lapho, kufanele uthole umshini amahora ambalwa kusenesikhathi."
Kwabasonkontileka, ukuqeqeshwa kwe-opharetha akuyona inselelo ebabazekayo. "Akunzima njengenselele njengoba ngangicabanga," kukhunjulwa u-Abdish. "Ngicabanga ukuthi ijika lokufunda le-paver lide kunaleso se-polisher."
Umuntu ophethe ukuqondiswa kokulinganisa / umshini wokulawula umkhawulo unesibopho sokusetha umsebenzi ngamunye. "Uzophuma azolawula wonke umsebenzi, bese esebenza noSitech ukwenza isilinganiso sokuqala somshini," kusho u-Abdish. Ukugcina lo muntu kuze kube manje ingxenye ebaluleke kakhulu yokuqeqeshwa. "Abasebenzi bangempela bakwamukele ngokushesha."
Ngenxa yesipiliyoni esihle esitholwe, amapulani we-Orange Crush wokwandisa amakhono ayo we-3D wokugaya ngokungeza uhlelo olubuyiselwe ku-wirgen 220a esisanda kutholwa. "Uma unephrojekthi, unokuthile okuzokugcina ekuphathweni okuqinile kobukhosi, okuwukuwukuphela umbono," kusho u-Abdish. "Le yinto enkulu kimi."
Izinga elikhulayo lokushintshanisa nokulawulwa okulula kusho ukuthi abasebenzi akudingeki ukuthi bacindezele izinkinobho kaningi, ngaleyo ndlela benciphisa ijika lokufunda. "Ngokwenza ukulawulwa kokusebenza kanye nokulawulwa komsebenzisi okusebenziseka kalula, opharetha we-novice bangasebenzisa umshini omusha kalula, esikhundleni somshini oneminyaka engama-30 odinga ikhono eliningi," kusho uChastain.
Ngaphezu kwalokho, umenzi uhlinzeka ngezici ezihlukile ezingakwenza lula futhi zisheshise ukusetha komshini. "Inzwa ehlanganiswe emshinini ivumela ukusetshenziswa kwezindawo 'kanye'automatic ukusika' imisebenzi yokwenza lula ukusetha," kusho uSmieja.
Ubuchwepheshe bokulinganisa abakwaWirtGen bungashintsha ukuphakama, ukujula kanye nokuvinjelwa ukuze bathole imiphumela enembile kakhulu futhi banciphise umthwalo womsebenzi we-opharetha. Ukusetha kabusha kwe-wirgen kungabuyisela ngokushesha umshini emuva ku "ukuqhekeza ekuqaleni" ukuze ulungele ukusikwa okulandelayo, uSmieja uyachaza. Ukuguqulwa okuzenzakalelayo okuzenzakalelayo kuvumela opharetha ukuthi ahlelele ekushintsheni okumiswe kusengaphambili kokujula kanye nokuthambeka ebangeni elinikeziwe, futhi umshini uzokwakha ngokuzenzakalelayo i-contour edingekayo.
I-Smieja yengeze: "Ezinye izici, njengekhamera esezingeni eliphakeme ngemihlahlandlela yokusika onqenqemeni, yenza kube lula ukuthi opharetha avumelanise ngomshini kahle ekuqaleni kokusikwa okusha."
Ukunciphisa isikhathi esichithwa ekusethweni kungakhuphula umugqa ophansi. "Usebenzisa ubuchwepheshe bamuva, ukusetha umshini wokugaya ukuqala sekube lula," kusho uChastain. "Abasebenzi bokugaya bangamisa umshini ukuze basebenze ngemuva kwemizuzu."
Iphaneli yokulawula yombala ye-Roadtec (ASTEC) milling umshini imakwe ngelebula ecacile, elula futhi eqondile ukusebenza. Ubuchwepheshe be-ASTEC buthuthukisa ukuphepha. "Izici zakamuva ezisetshenzisiwe umshini wokugaya i-ASTEC CMS zihlobene nokuphepha," kusho uHamon. "Uma umuntu noma into enkulu itholwa ngemuva komshini lapho ibuyela emuva, uhlelo lokutholwa kwento engemuva luzovimba umshini wokugaya. Lapho umuntu eshiya indawo yokutholwa, opharetha angaguqula indlela yomshini. "
Kodwa-ke, ngisho nalezi zithuthuka, ukugaya kusengenye yezicelo amakhono opharetha okunzima ukuzifaka esikhundleni. "Ngokwami ​​ngicabanga ukuthi ukugaya kuhlale kudinga izici zabantu," kusho uChastain. "Lapho izinto zihamba kahle, opharetha bangayizwa. Lapho izinto zingalungile, zizwa. Kuyasiza kakhulu ukwenza le mishini iphephe futhi kube lula ukusebenza. "
Ukuvimbela isikhathi sokuphumula kugcina iphrojekthi yokugaya ithrekhi. Yilapho ubuchwepheshe be-telematics lushintsha khona imithetho yomdlalo.
I- "Telematics iyithuluzi elinamandla lokunciphisa isikhathi sokuphumula nokuqoqa idatha yokusebenza ngesikhathi sangempela," kusho uHamon. "Idatha yokukhiqiza, ukusetshenziswa kukaphethiloli nesikhathi esingenzi lutho yizibonelo ezimbalwa zolwazi ezingatholakala ukude lapho zisebenzisa uhlelo lwe-telematics."
I-ATTEC ihlinzeka ngohlelo lwe-Telematics lwe-Guardian Telematics. "Uhlelo lwe-Telematics lwe-Guardian Telematics luvumela ukuxhumana kwezindlela ezimbili phakathi komshini nomsebenzisi wokugcina noma uchwepheshe wensizakalo ovunyiwe," kusho uHamon. "Lokhu kuhlinzeka ngezinga eliphakeme lokulondolozwa kanye nokuqoqwa kwedatha emshinini ngamunye."
Lapho kunenkinga ngomshini wokugaya, kudingeka ukhonjwe futhi ulungiswe ngokushesha okukhulu. UChastain wathi: "Umshini omusha wokugaya akufanele wenze lula ukusebenza lula, kodwa futhi wenze lula ukuxilongwa kanye nokuxazulula inkinga yale mishini." Isikhathi sokuphumula somshini sibi kakhulu. "
I-WIRTEn isungule uhlelo kulwazi lokukwazisa abasebenzisi bezinkinga ezingaba khona. UChastain wathi: "Le mishini emisha izokwazisa opharetha lapho eminye imishini ingavulwanga, ingasebenzi, noma isanda kucishwa ngephutha." "Kulindeleke ukuthi kunciphise inani lezimbobo [esivele] zisethelwe endleleni eminyakeni embalwa edlule."
UWirgen ubuye wasungula ukuphinda wasungula kabusha emshinini wayo wokugaya ukunciphisa isikhathi sokuphumula. "Lapho sehluleka, kwakukhona isipele esakhelwe ngaphakathi, ngakho-ke umshini wokugaya ungaqhubeka nokugijima ngaphandle kokudela ikhwalithi noma ukukhiqiza," kusho uChastain.